# Silent Data Markdown version of https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata ## Summary **Warning:** This project is archived and no longer maintained. **Warning:** Why is the project listed in others? There are less than 5 external actors that can submit challenges. Consequence: projects without a sufficiently decentralized set of challengers rely on few entities to safely update the state. A small set of challengers can collude with the proposer to finalize an invalid state, which can cause loss of funds. There is no data availability bridge. Consequence: projects without a data availability bridge fully rely on single entities (the sequencer) to honestly rely available data roots on Ethereum. A malicious sequencer can collude with the proposer to finalize an unavailable state, which can cause loss of funds. Learn more about the [recategorisation](https://medium.com/l2beat/framework-update-l2-projects-recategorisation-5d43b0d1fe50). - Total Value Secured: $54.41 (-2.10% compared to seven days ago; canonically bridged $54.41, natively minted $0.00, externally bridged $0.00; 0.00% with additional trust assumptions compared to the tokens involved and the Stage assigned to the project's canonical messaging bridge) - TVS by asset: ETH & derivatives $54.41 (100%) - Past day UOPS: No data - Type: Other - Purpose: Enterprise - Host chain: Ethereum ### Risks - Sequencer failure: Self sequence (12h delay; sentiment: good) - State validation: Fraud proofs (INT) (3d 12h challenge period + 3d 12h execution delay; sentiment: bad) - Data availability: External (sentiment: bad) - Exit window: None (sentiment: bad) - Proposer failure: Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad) ### About Silent Data is an enterprise focused OP Stack L2 aiming to achieve privacy by not making transaction data available. It is built for institutional scale and web3 innovation. ### Links - Website: https://silentdata.com - Bridge: https://bridge-mainnet.rollup.silentdata.com/ - Docs: https://docs.silentdata.com/ - Explorer: https://explorer-mainnet.rollup.silentdata.com/ - Social: https://linkedin.com/company/69477792, https://twitter.com/SilentDataApp, https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/applied-blockchain-podcast/id1653098459 - Contracts explorer (Disco): https://disco.ethbeat.org/ui/p/silentdata ### Badges - EVM: This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language - Custom DA solution: This project is using a custom DA solution - Built on OP Stack: The project is built on the OP Stack - Part of the Superchain: The project is part of the Superchain, meaning it's included in the Superchain registry or uses the Superchain config ## Value Secured The interactive TVS charts are shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata#tvs). Token by token: [TVS breakdown](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata/tvs-breakdown). - [TVS chart (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/silentdata?range=max) - [TVS breakdown by token (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/silentdata/breakdown) ## Onchain costs The section shows the operating costs that L2s pay to Ethereum. The interactive costs chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata#onchain-costs). ### Tracked transactions #### Batch submissions - transfer: 2025-07-25 11:25 UTC - now; currently used; from: [0xCa4c95A5A1660D14df8EC6C53537964f9c5367C7](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCa4c95A5A1660D14df8EC6C53537964f9c5367C7); to: [0x00a7a8fDb9A61f85DD8F926f4e1723927a18c9F3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00a7a8fDb9A61f85DD8F926f4e1723927a18c9F3) #### State updates - functionCall: 2025-07-25 11:25 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1); selector: 0x82ecf2f6; signature: `function create(uint32 _gameType, bytes32 _rootClaim, bytes _extraData) payable returns (address proxy_)` ## Liveness This section shows how "live" the project's operators are by displaying how frequently they submit transactions of the selected type. It also highlights anomalies - significant deviations from their typical schedule. The interactive liveness chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata#liveness). ### Tracked transactions #### Batch submissions - transfer: 2025-07-25 11:25 UTC - now; currently used; from: [0xCa4c95A5A1660D14df8EC6C53537964f9c5367C7](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCa4c95A5A1660D14df8EC6C53537964f9c5367C7); to: [0x00a7a8fDb9A61f85DD8F926f4e1723927a18c9F3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00a7a8fDb9A61f85DD8F926f4e1723927a18c9F3) #### State updates - functionCall: 2025-07-25 11:25 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1); selector: 0x82ecf2f6; signature: `function create(uint32 _gameType, bytes32 _rootClaim, bytes _extraData) payable returns (address proxy_)` ## Risk summary ### Funds can be stolen if 1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL), 2. no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL). ### Funds can be lost if 3. the external data becomes unavailable (CRITICAL). ## Risk analysis ### Sequencer failure Self sequence (12h delay; sentiment: good) In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 12h delay on this operation. ### State validation Fraud proofs (INT) (3d 12h challenge period + 3d 12h execution delay; sentiment: bad) Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. Only one entity is currently allowed to propose and submit challenges, as only permissioned games are currently allowed. ### Data availability External (sentiment: bad) Proof construction and state derivation rely fully on data that is NOT published onchain. ### Exit window None (sentiment: bad) There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable. ### Proposer failure Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad) Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen. ## Stage Silent Data is not even a Stage 0 project. **The project does not pass the walkaway test**: users are not able to exit in the presence of malicious operators if the Security Council disappears. **Warning:** The requirement for available node software is under review. ### Stage 0 1 issue needs fixing. - Met: The project self-identifies as a Validium or Optimium. - Met: State roots are posted to Ethereum L1. - Met: A complete and functional proof system (fraud or validity proofs) is deployed. - Under review: A source-available node exists that can reconstruct the L2 state when DA is accessible. Please note that the ETHBEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code. - Issue: Fraud proof submission is not sufficiently decentralized. ### Stage 1 3 issues need fixing. **Principle** - Issue: Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council to push a malicious upgrade, or sequencer+DA-committee collusion to withhold data and finalize invalid state roots, should be the only ways (other than bugs) to steal funds or block withdrawals indefinitely. **Guidelines** - Met: The sources of all programs used are public and program hashes can be independently regenerated. - Issue: Users' withdrawals can be censored by the permissioned operators. - Issue: Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring. [Learn more about Stages](https://ethbeat.org/stages). Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect project security, this is an opinionated assessment of project maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal. ## Data availability ### Data is not stored on chain The transaction data is not recorded on the Ethereum main chain. **Risks** - Funds can be lost if the external data becomes unavailable (CRITICAL). **References** - [Derivation: Batch submission - OP Mainnet specs](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/main/specs/protocol/derivation.md#batch-submission) - [BatchInbox - address](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00a7a8fDb9A61f85DD8F926f4e1723927a18c9F3#code) - [OptimismPortal2.sol - source code, depositTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd#code) ## State validation Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by permissioned operators only. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals. ### State root proposals Proposers submit state roots as children of the latest confirmed state root (called anchor state), by calling the `create` function in the DisputeGameFactory. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. Each proposal requires a stake, currently set to 0.0 ETH, that can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. Stakes can be withdrawn only after the proposal has been confirmed. A state root gets confirmed if the challenge period has passed and it is not countered. **Risks** - Funds can be stolen if no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL). **References** - [OP stack specification: Fault Dispute Game](https://specs.optimism.io/fault-proof/stage-one/fault-dispute-game.html#fault-dispute-game) ### Challenges Challenges are opened to disprove invalid state roots using bisection games. Each bisection move requires a stake that increases expontentially with the depth of the bisection, with a factor of 1.09493. The maximum depth is 73, and reaching it therefore requires a cumulative stake of 0.00 ETH from depth 0. Actors can participate in any challenge by calling the `defend` or `attack` functions, depending whether they agree or disagree with the latest claim and want to move the bisection game forward. Actors that disagree with the top-level claim are called challengers, and actors that agree are called defenders. Each actor might be involved in multiple (sub-)challenges at the same time, meaning that the protocol operates with [full concurrency](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a). Challengers and defenders alternate in the bisection game, and they pass each other a clock that starts with 3d 12h. If a clock expires, the claim is considered defeated if it was countered, or it gets confirmed if uncountered. Since honest parties can inherit clocks from malicious parties that play both as challengers and defenders (see [freeloader claims](https://specs.optimism.io/fault-proof/stage-one/fault-dispute-game.html#freeloader-claims)), an inherited clock with too little time remaining is generally extended by 3h. The extension is 6h when the next claim is immediately before split depth 30, and 1d 3h (the standard extension plus the 1d oracle challenge period) immediately before the last depth. Along a full-depth path, cumulative extensions can therefore add up to 10d 3h. Since unconfirmed state roots are independent of one another, users can decide to exit with a subsequent confirmed state root if the previous one is delayed. Winners get the entire losers' stake, meaning that sybils can potentially play against each other at no cost. The final instruction found via the bisection game is then executed onchain in the MIPS one step prover contract who determines the winner. The protocol does not enforce valid bisections, meaning that actors can propose correct initial claims and then provide incorrect midpoints. The protocol can be subject to resource exhaustion attacks ([Spearbit 5.1.3](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/docs/security-reviews/2024_08_Fault-Proofs-No-MIPS_Spearbit.pdf)). **References** - [Fraud Proof Wars: OPFP](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a) ### Program Hashes #### OP absolute prestate v1.3.1 A commitment to the initial state of the OP stack fault proof program. - Hash: `0x038512e02c4c3f7bdaec27d00edf55b7155e0905301e1a88083e4e0a6764d54c` - Repository: https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/op-node/v1.3.1/op-program/client - Verification: successful - Used in: [Ronin](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ronin-network), [HashKey Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/hashkey), [Silent Data](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata) ##### Verification steps Steps are based on [this guide](https://docs.optimism.io/chain-operators/tutorials/absolute-prestate). 1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/) and make sure it is running. 2. Check out the correct branch of [optimism](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism) repo: `git checkout op-program/v1.3.1` . Commit hash should be `e3c2f046c2d7103c765cbd47e949a284e511a47d`. 3. Regenerate the absolute prestate: `make reproducible-prestate`. This script will print out the correct hash. ## Upgrades & Governance ### Past upgrades The metrics include upgrades on the currently used proxy contracts. Historical proxy contracts and changes of such are not included. - Count of upgrades: No upgrades - Last upgrade: N/A - Avg upgrade interval: N/A - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [DisputeGameFactory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x4bbA758F006Ef09402eF31724203F316ab74e4a0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4bbA758F006Ef09402eF31724203F316ab74e4a0#code) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [SystemConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c3Efe3cA554816E9960C02AE3B4EB3A9a8D2E16#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x760C48C62A85045A6B69f07F4a9f22868659CbCc](https://etherscan.io/address/0x760C48C62A85045A6B69f07F4a9f22868659CbCc#code) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [OptimismPortal2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCcd285b1ccf1cdaB36Da995B9fC68870E287694E#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd#code) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [L1CrossDomainMessenger](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3131b01DF2F9eF6F42113090Edead5c97612c473#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x3eA6084748ED1b2A9B5D4426181F1ad8C93F6231](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3eA6084748ED1b2A9B5D4426181F1ad8C93F6231#code) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [L1ERC721Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x74A3065E6A4FFAA07dAC542E28452995f3c32EeA#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x276d3730f219f7ec22274f7263180b8452B46d47](https://etherscan.io/address/0x276d3730f219f7ec22274f7263180b8452B46d47#code) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [OptimismMintableERC20Factory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00e3001F111ba89F20a8336Bb986a78d8f734E7E#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x5493f4677A186f64805fe7317D6993ba4863988F](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5493f4677A186f64805fe7317D6993ba4863988F#code) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [AnchorStateRegistry](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1ffFf41f5E6384D6737D27B1F471E69212150e55#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x7b465370BB7A333f99edd19599EB7Fb1c2D3F8D2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7b465370BB7A333f99edd19599EB7Fb1c2D3F8D2#code) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [DelayedWETH](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2DDf646eaaac38AEA031268a07de4E9ff1D967bd#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x5e40B9231B86984b5150507046e354dbFbeD3d9e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e40B9231B86984b5150507046e354dbFbeD3d9e#code) - 2025-07-25 11:26 UTC, deployment of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x50F08E501f8A9D124eaB4990b057fDEfE3F6ae3E#code): transaction [0x4d5f824e602b9590912df7ee2c45d4c08806abd220755085016d5baf11b82c59](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x4d5f824e602b9590912df7ee2c45d4c08806abd220755085016d5baf11b82c59), implementations: [0x4da82a327773965b8d4D85Fa3dB8249b387458E7](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4da82a327773965b8d4D85Fa3dB8249b387458E7#code) ## Updates Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs. ### [2025-10-02 12:25 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata?update=1839255e) (high severity, 28 changes) Deployed Safe at address (which probably was pre-computed). ### [2025-09-04 07:34 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata?update=e9b41d7b) (16 changes) Initial discovery: - standard op stack deployment (all template code) - permissioned opfp - all-EOA admins - no DA (no activity/rpc) ## Operator ### The system has a centralized operator The operator is the only entity that can propose blocks. A live and trustworthy operator is vital to the health of the system. ### Users can force any transaction Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly. **References** - [Sequencing Window - OP Mainnet Specs](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/51eeb76efeb32b3df3e978f311188aa29f5e3e94/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-window) - [OptimismPortal2.sol - source code, depositTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd#code) ## Withdrawals ### Regular exits The user initiates the withdrawal by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When a state root containing such transaction is settled, the funds become available for withdrawal on L1 after 3d 12h. Withdrawal inclusion can be proven before state root settlement, but a 7d period has to pass before it becomes actionable. The process of state root settlement takes a challenge period of at least 3d 12h to complete. Finally the user submits an L1 transaction to claim the funds. This transaction requires a merkle proof. **References** - [OptimismPortal2.sol - Etherscan source code, proveWithdrawalTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd#code) - [OptimismPortal2.sol - Etherscan source code, finalizeWithdrawalTransaction function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd#code) ### Forced messaging If the user experiences censorship from the operator with regular L2->L1 messaging they can submit their messages directly on L1. The system is then obliged to service this request or halt all messages, including forced withdrawals from L1 and regular messages initiated on L2. Once the force operation is submitted and if the request is serviced, the operation follows the flow of a regular message. **References** - [Forced withdrawal from an OP Stack blockchain](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/forced-transaction) ## Other considerations ### EVM compatible smart contracts are supported OP stack chains are pursuing the EVM Equivalence model. No changes to smart contracts are required regardless of the language they are written in, i.e. anything deployed on L1 can be deployed on L2. **References** - [Introducing EVM Equivalence](https://medium.com/ethereum-optimism/introducing-evm-equivalence-5c2021deb306) ## Permissions Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.ethbeat.org/ui/p/silentdata ### Ethereum #### Actors ##### Safe (0xE512…5e88) Addresses: [0xE512f69D8aEed75c737190F4dB84687FBa7C5e88](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE512f69D8aEed75c737190F4dB84687FBa7C5e88) A Multisig with 2/5 threshold. - Can upgrade **with no delay** - OptimismMintableERC20Factory [via: ProxyAdmin] - DisputeGameFactory [via: ProxyAdmin] - AnchorStateRegistry [via: ProxyAdmin] - DelayedWETH [via: ProxyAdmin] - L1CrossDomainMessenger [via: ProxyAdmin] - SystemConfig [via: ProxyAdmin] - L1ERC721Bridge [via: ProxyAdmin] - OptimismPortal2 [via: ProxyAdmin] - L1StandardBridge [via: ProxyAdmin] - Can interact with DisputeGameFactory - set the dispute game implementation and initial bond for any game type - Can interact with DelayedWETH - can pull funds from the contract in case of emergency - Can interact with AddressManager - set and change address mappings [via: ProxyAdmin] Participants (5): [0xD02AB52D1C7CF31E3f72A007d969D5b80ad113D0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD02AB52D1C7CF31E3f72A007d969D5b80ad113D0), [0xf5280A5Ae8c9C8B97B624c8eb4B34B55aBe30e33](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf5280A5Ae8c9C8B97B624c8eb4B34B55aBe30e33), [0x486792B2D74545C1Aa3614ca0415025983a2f9Dc](https://etherscan.io/address/0x486792B2D74545C1Aa3614ca0415025983a2f9Dc), [0xb9B3e5Aa67136790F1c4980683f39f16eE26E548](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb9B3e5Aa67136790F1c4980683f39f16eE26E548), [0xf95d55523149E37F9ADa9A4828B1f77cA0339830](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf95d55523149E37F9ADa9A4828B1f77cA0339830) ##### Safe (0x61E7…a6Af) Addresses: [0x61E7D85244Db59e0c03D8C82A0c8ABA78BcBa6Af](https://etherscan.io/address/0x61E7D85244Db59e0c03D8C82A0c8ABA78BcBa6Af) A Multisig with 2/5 threshold. - Can upgrade **with no delay** - SuperchainConfig [via: ProxyAdmin] Participants (5): [0xD02AB52D1C7CF31E3f72A007d969D5b80ad113D0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD02AB52D1C7CF31E3f72A007d969D5b80ad113D0), [0xf5280A5Ae8c9C8B97B624c8eb4B34B55aBe30e33](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf5280A5Ae8c9C8B97B624c8eb4B34B55aBe30e33), [0x486792B2D74545C1Aa3614ca0415025983a2f9Dc](https://etherscan.io/address/0x486792B2D74545C1Aa3614ca0415025983a2f9Dc), [0xb9B3e5Aa67136790F1c4980683f39f16eE26E548](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb9B3e5Aa67136790F1c4980683f39f16eE26E548), [0xf95d55523149E37F9ADa9A4828B1f77cA0339830](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf95d55523149E37F9ADa9A4828B1f77cA0339830) ##### Safe (0x90f7…8ccd) Addresses: [0x90f72cB63E608dD6c63793b7d90804963b478ccd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x90f72cB63E608dD6c63793b7d90804963b478ccd) A Multisig with 2/5 threshold. - Can interact with SuperchainConfig - Allowed to pause withdrawals. In op stack systems with a proof system, the Guardian can also blacklist dispute games and set the respected game type (permissioned / permissionless) Participants (5): [0xD02AB52D1C7CF31E3f72A007d969D5b80ad113D0](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD02AB52D1C7CF31E3f72A007d969D5b80ad113D0), [0xf5280A5Ae8c9C8B97B624c8eb4B34B55aBe30e33](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf5280A5Ae8c9C8B97B624c8eb4B34B55aBe30e33), [0x486792B2D74545C1Aa3614ca0415025983a2f9Dc](https://etherscan.io/address/0x486792B2D74545C1Aa3614ca0415025983a2f9Dc), [0xb9B3e5Aa67136790F1c4980683f39f16eE26E548](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb9B3e5Aa67136790F1c4980683f39f16eE26E548), [0xf95d55523149E37F9ADa9A4828B1f77cA0339830](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf95d55523149E37F9ADa9A4828B1f77cA0339830) ##### EOA 1 Addresses: [0xCa4c95A5A1660D14df8EC6C53537964f9c5367C7](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCa4c95A5A1660D14df8EC6C53537964f9c5367C7) - Can interact with SystemConfig - Allowed to commit transactions from the current layer to the host chain ##### EOA 2 Addresses: [0xe534107c6071f29c4bFac3a0d1AF6be53212740C](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe534107c6071f29c4bFac3a0d1AF6be53212740C) - Can interact with SystemConfig - it can update the preconfer address, the batch submitter (Sequencer) address and the gas configuration of the system ##### EOA 3 Addresses: [0x3e3F6b6010237678723a33aE227d167B55888C20](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3e3F6b6010237678723a33aE227d167B55888C20) - Can interact with PermissionedDisputeGame - Allowed to post new state roots of the current layer to the host chain ##### EOA 4 Addresses: [0xD04464568a8a8A5da8c9218714e6d9f4BD40DF65](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD04464568a8a8A5da8c9218714e6d9f4BD40DF65) - Can interact with PermissionedDisputeGame - Allowed to challenge or delete state roots proposed by a Proposer ## Smart contracts Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.ethbeat.org/ui/p/silentdata ### Ethereum #### DisputeGameFactory Addresses: [0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1](https://etherscan.io/address/0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1#code), [0x4bbA758F006Ef09402eF31724203F316ab74e4a0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4bbA758F006Ef09402eF31724203F316ab74e4a0#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [DisputeGameFactory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x139Cf05B34D0EC49D3BFB9704EC4cEbA6ae95dD1#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x4bbA758F006Ef09402eF31724203F316ab74e4a0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4bbA758F006Ef09402eF31724203F316ab74e4a0#code) The dispute game factory allows the creation of dispute games, used to propose state roots and eventually challenge them. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe - **owner**: Safe Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay Implementation used in: [MegaETH](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/megaeth#DisputeGameFactory) #### SystemConfig Addresses: [0x5c3Efe3cA554816E9960C02AE3B4EB3A9a8D2E16](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c3Efe3cA554816E9960C02AE3B4EB3A9a8D2E16#code), [0x760C48C62A85045A6B69f07F4a9f22868659CbCc](https://etherscan.io/address/0x760C48C62A85045A6B69f07F4a9f22868659CbCc#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [SystemConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5c3Efe3cA554816E9960C02AE3B4EB3A9a8D2E16#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x760C48C62A85045A6B69f07F4a9f22868659CbCc](https://etherscan.io/address/0x760C48C62A85045A6B69f07F4a9f22868659CbCc#code) Contains configuration parameters such as the Sequencer address, gas limit on this chain and the unsafe block signer address. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe - **batcherHash**: EOA 1 - **owner**: EOA 2 Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay #### OptimismPortal2 (escrow) Addresses: [0xCcd285b1ccf1cdaB36Da995B9fC68870E287694E](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCcd285b1ccf1cdaB36Da995B9fC68870E287694E#code), [0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [OptimismPortal2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCcd285b1ccf1cdaB36Da995B9fC68870E287694E#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2D7e764a0D9919e16983a46595CfA81fc34fa7Cd#code) The OptimismPortal contract is the main entry point to deposit funds from L1 to L2. It also allows to prove and finalize withdrawals. It specifies which game type can be used for withdrawals, which currently is the PermissionedDisputeGame. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe The following tokens are included in the value secured calculation: ETH Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay #### SuperchainConfig Addresses: [0x50F08E501f8A9D124eaB4990b057fDEfE3F6ae3E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x50F08E501f8A9D124eaB4990b057fDEfE3F6ae3E#code), [0x4da82a327773965b8d4D85Fa3dB8249b387458E7](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4da82a327773965b8d4D85Fa3dB8249b387458E7#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xa78F3521D5aDF038826f0FE3e809DF64Ec8a241D](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa78F3521D5aDF038826f0FE3e809DF64Ec8a241D#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:26 UTC, deployment of [SuperchainConfig](https://etherscan.io/address/0x50F08E501f8A9D124eaB4990b057fDEfE3F6ae3E#code): transaction [0x4d5f824e602b9590912df7ee2c45d4c08806abd220755085016d5baf11b82c59](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x4d5f824e602b9590912df7ee2c45d4c08806abd220755085016d5baf11b82c59), implementations: [0x4da82a327773965b8d4D85Fa3dB8249b387458E7](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4da82a327773965b8d4D85Fa3dB8249b387458E7#code) This is NOT the shared SuperchainConfig contract of the OP stack Superchain but rather a local fork. It manages the `PAUSED_SLOT`, a boolean value indicating whether the local chain is paused, and `GUARDIAN_SLOT`, the address of the guardian which can pause and unpause the system. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe - **guardian**: Safe Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay #### L1CrossDomainMessenger Addresses: [0x3131b01DF2F9eF6F42113090Edead5c97612c473](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3131b01DF2F9eF6F42113090Edead5c97612c473#code), [0x3eA6084748ED1b2A9B5D4426181F1ad8C93F6231](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3eA6084748ED1b2A9B5D4426181F1ad8C93F6231#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [L1CrossDomainMessenger](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3131b01DF2F9eF6F42113090Edead5c97612c473#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x3eA6084748ED1b2A9B5D4426181F1ad8C93F6231](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3eA6084748ED1b2A9B5D4426181F1ad8C93F6231#code) Sends messages from host chain to this chain, and relays messages back onto host chain. In the event that a message sent from host chain to this chain is rejected for exceeding this chain's epoch gas limit, it can be resubmitted via this contract's replay function. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay #### L1ERC721Bridge Addresses: [0x74A3065E6A4FFAA07dAC542E28452995f3c32EeA](https://etherscan.io/address/0x74A3065E6A4FFAA07dAC542E28452995f3c32EeA#code), [0x276d3730f219f7ec22274f7263180b8452B46d47](https://etherscan.io/address/0x276d3730f219f7ec22274f7263180b8452B46d47#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [L1ERC721Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x74A3065E6A4FFAA07dAC542E28452995f3c32EeA#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x276d3730f219f7ec22274f7263180b8452B46d47](https://etherscan.io/address/0x276d3730f219f7ec22274f7263180b8452B46d47#code) Used to bridge ERC-721 tokens from host chain to this chain. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay #### L1StandardBridge (escrow) Addresses: [0xe97d73B0079e04f4ea4162b9173604a6213eF158](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe97d73B0079e04f4ea4162b9173604a6213eF158#code), [0x78972E88Ab8BBB517a36cAea23b931BAB58AD3c6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x78972E88Ab8BBB517a36cAea23b931BAB58AD3c6#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) The main entry point to deposit ERC20 tokens from host chain to this chain. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe All supported tokens in this escrow are included in the value secured calculation. Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay #### OptimismMintableERC20Factory Addresses: [0x00e3001F111ba89F20a8336Bb986a78d8f734E7E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00e3001F111ba89F20a8336Bb986a78d8f734E7E#code), [0x5493f4677A186f64805fe7317D6993ba4863988F](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5493f4677A186f64805fe7317D6993ba4863988F#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [OptimismMintableERC20Factory](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00e3001F111ba89F20a8336Bb986a78d8f734E7E#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x5493f4677A186f64805fe7317D6993ba4863988F](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5493f4677A186f64805fe7317D6993ba4863988F#code) A helper contract that generates OptimismMintableERC20 contracts on the network it's deployed to. OptimismMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed to allow the L1StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to use an OptimismMintableERC20 as this chain's representation of a token on the host chain, or vice-versa. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay Implementation used in: [MegaETH](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/megaeth#OptimismMintableERC20Factory) #### PermissionedDisputeGame Addresses: [0x1B99b322085dA031e68C1202fdB756b3FFbaC7A6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1B99b322085dA031e68C1202fdB756b3FFbaC7A6#code) Same as FaultDisputeGame, but only two permissioned addresses are designated as proposer and challenger. - Roles: - **challenger**: EOA 4 - **proposer**: EOA 3 #### PreimageOracle Addresses: [0x1fb8cdFc6831fc866Ed9C51aF8817Da5c287aDD3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1fb8cdFc6831fc866Ed9C51aF8817Da5c287aDD3#code) The PreimageOracle contract is used to load the required data from L1 for a dispute game. Implementation used in: [Base Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/base#PreimageOracle), [Boba Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/bobanetwork#PreimageOracle), [Celo](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/celo#PreimageOracle), [MegaETH](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/megaeth#PreimageOracle), [RISE](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/rise#PreimageOracle), [X Layer](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/xlayer#PreimageOracle) #### AnchorStateRegistry Addresses: [0x1ffFf41f5E6384D6737D27B1F471E69212150e55](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1ffFf41f5E6384D6737D27B1F471E69212150e55#code), [0x7b465370BB7A333f99edd19599EB7Fb1c2D3F8D2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7b465370BB7A333f99edd19599EB7Fb1c2D3F8D2#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [AnchorStateRegistry](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1ffFf41f5E6384D6737D27B1F471E69212150e55#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x7b465370BB7A333f99edd19599EB7Fb1c2D3F8D2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7b465370BB7A333f99edd19599EB7Fb1c2D3F8D2#code) Contains the latest confirmed state root that can be used as a starting point in a dispute game. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay Implementation used in: [MegaETH](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/megaeth#AnchorStateRegistry) #### DelayedWETH Addresses: [0x2DDf646eaaac38AEA031268a07de4E9ff1D967bd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2DDf646eaaac38AEA031268a07de4E9ff1D967bd#code), [0x5e40B9231B86984b5150507046e354dbFbeD3d9e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e40B9231B86984b5150507046e354dbFbeD3d9e#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) (Admin) **Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A) - 2025-07-25 11:28 UTC, deployment of [DelayedWETH](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2DDf646eaaac38AEA031268a07de4E9ff1D967bd#code): transaction [0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbab4a35e79055acb21366226d29f6f78e95ee813944b8b74fa0b6099136fc72c), implementations: [0x5e40B9231B86984b5150507046e354dbFbeD3d9e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e40B9231B86984b5150507046e354dbFbeD3d9e#code) Contract designed to hold the bonded ETH for each game. It is designed as a wrapper around WETH to allow an owner to function as a backstop if a game would incorrectly distribute funds. - Roles: - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Safe - **owner**: Safe Can be upgraded by: Safe with no delay Implementation used in: [MegaETH](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/megaeth#DelayedWETH) #### ProxyAdmin (2 instances) Addresses: [0xa78F3521D5aDF038826f0FE3e809DF64Ec8a241D](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa78F3521D5aDF038826f0FE3e809DF64Ec8a241D#code), [0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8eAb3ed39Df0afB9BFD853f49637F7E73963966#code) - Roles: - **owner**: Safe #### MIPS Addresses: [0xaA59A0777648BC75cd10364083e878c1cCd6112a](https://etherscan.io/address/0xaA59A0777648BC75cd10364083e878c1cCd6112a#code) The MIPS contract is used to execute the final step of the dispute game which objectively determines the winner of the dispute. The current deployment carries some associated risks: - Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL). ### Program Hashes #### OP absolute prestate v1.3.1 A commitment to the initial state of the OP stack fault proof program. - Hash: `0x038512e02c4c3f7bdaec27d00edf55b7155e0905301e1a88083e4e0a6764d54c` - Repository: https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/op-node/v1.3.1/op-program/client - Verification: successful - Used in: [Ronin](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ronin-network), [HashKey Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/hashkey), [Silent Data](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/silentdata) ##### Verification steps Steps are based on [this guide](https://docs.optimism.io/chain-operators/tutorials/absolute-prestate). 1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/) and make sure it is running. 2. Check out the correct branch of [optimism](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism) repo: `git checkout op-program/v1.3.1` . Commit hash should be `e3c2f046c2d7103c765cbd47e949a284e511a47d`. 3. Regenerate the absolute prestate: `make reproducible-prestate`. This script will print out the correct hash.