# Plume Network

Markdown version of https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork

## Summary

**Warning:** Why is the project listed in others? There are less than 5 external actors that can submit challenges. Consequence: projects without a sufficiently decentralized set of challengers rely on few entities to safely update the state. A small set of challengers can collude with the proposer to finalize an invalid state, which can cause loss of funds. There are less than 5 external actors that can attest data availability. Consequence: projects without a sufficiently decentralized data availability committee rely on few entities to safely attest data availability on Ethereum. A small set of entities can collude with the proposer to finalize an unavailable state, which can cause loss of funds. Learn more about the [recategorisation](https://medium.com/l2beat/framework-update-l2-projects-recategorisation-5d43b0d1fe50).

- Total Value Secured: $67.56 M (-8.89% compared to seven days ago; canonically bridged $65.87 M, natively minted $19.05 K, externally bridged $1.67 M; 2.48% with additional trust assumptions compared to the tokens involved and the Stage assigned to the project's canonical messaging bridge)
  - **Warning:** The PLUME token associated with Plume Network accounts for 97.4% of the TVS! (sentiment: bad)
- TVS by asset: ETH & derivatives $19.11 K (0.02%), Stablecoins $1.61 M (2.38%), Other $65.87 M (97.4%), Public RWAs $66.41 K (0.09%)
- Associated tokens: PLUME: $65.87 M (97.4% of TVS)
- Past day UOPS: 2.33 (-1.20% compared to seven days ago)
- Gas token: PLUME
- Type: Other
- Purposes: Universal, RWA
- Host chain: Ethereum
- Chain ID: 98866

### Risks

- Sequencer failure: Self sequence (1d delay; sentiment: good)
- State validation: Fraud proofs (INT) (5d 14h challenge period + 2d execution delay; sentiment: bad)
- Data availability: External (DAC) (sentiment: bad)
- Exit window: None (sentiment: bad)
- Proposer failure: Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad)

### About

Plume is a modular L2 blockchain for real-world assets (RWAs) that integrates asset tokenization and compliance providers directly into the chain.

### Links

- Website: https://plume.org/
- Bridge: https://portal.plume.org
- Docs: https://docs.plume.org/plume
- Explorer: https://explorer.plume.org
- Repository: https://github.com/plumenetwork
- Social: https://twitter.com/plumenetwork, https://discord.gg/plume, https://t.me/plumenetwork_community
- Other: https://growthepie.com/chains/plume
- Contracts explorer (Disco): https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/plumenetwork

### Badges

- EVM: This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language
- Data Availability Committee: There is a Data Availability Committee that provides/attests to data availability
- Built on Arbitrum Orbit: The project is built on Arbitrum Orbit
- Conduit: This project was deployed via the rollup-as-a-service provider Conduit

## Value Secured

The interactive TVS charts are shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork#tvs).

Token by token: [TVS breakdown](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork/tvs-breakdown).

- [TVS chart (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/plumenetwork)
- [TVS breakdown by token (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/plumenetwork/breakdown)

## Activity

The interactive activity chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork#activity).

- [Activity chart (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/activity/plumenetwork)

## Onchain costs

The section shows the operating costs that L2s pay to Ethereum.

The interactive costs chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork#onchain-costs).

### Tracked transactions

#### Batch submissions

- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0xe0bc9729; signature: `function addSequencerL2Batch(uint256 sequenceNumber,bytes calldata data,uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,address gasRefunder,uint256 prevMessageCount,uint256 newMessageCount)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x8f111f3c; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin(uint256 sequenceNumber,bytes data,uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,address gasRefunder,uint256 prevMessageCount,uint256 newMessageCount)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x69cacded; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromOriginDelayProof(uint256 sequenceNumber, bytes data, uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead, address gasRefunder, uint256 prevMessageCount, uint256 newMessageCount, tuple(bytes32 beforeDelayedAcc, tuple(uint8 kind, address sender, uint64 blockNumber, uint64 timestamp, uint256 inboxSeqNum, uint256 baseFeeL1, bytes32 messageDataHash) delayedMessage) delayProof)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x3e5aa082; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromBlobs(uint256 sequenceNumber, uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead, address gasRefunder, uint256 prevMessageCount, uint256 newMessageCount)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x917cf8ac; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromBlobsDelayProof(uint256 sequenceNumber, uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead, address gasRefunder, uint256 prevMessageCount, uint256 newMessageCount, tuple(bytes32 beforeDelayedAcc, tuple(uint8 kind, address sender, uint64 blockNumber, uint64 timestamp, uint256 inboxSeqNum, uint256 baseFeeL1, bytes32 messageDataHash) delayedMessage) delayProof)`

#### State updates

- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71); selector: 0xa04cee60; signature: `function updateSendRoot(bytes32 root, bytes32 l2BlockHash) external`

## Liveness

This section shows how "live" the project's operators are by displaying how frequently they submit transactions of the selected type. It also highlights anomalies - significant deviations from their typical schedule.

No ongoing anomalies detected.

The interactive liveness chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork#liveness).

### Tracked transactions

#### Batch submissions

- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0xe0bc9729; signature: `function addSequencerL2Batch(uint256 sequenceNumber,bytes calldata data,uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,address gasRefunder,uint256 prevMessageCount,uint256 newMessageCount)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x8f111f3c; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin(uint256 sequenceNumber,bytes data,uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,address gasRefunder,uint256 prevMessageCount,uint256 newMessageCount)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x69cacded; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromOriginDelayProof(uint256 sequenceNumber, bytes data, uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead, address gasRefunder, uint256 prevMessageCount, uint256 newMessageCount, tuple(bytes32 beforeDelayedAcc, tuple(uint8 kind, address sender, uint64 blockNumber, uint64 timestamp, uint256 inboxSeqNum, uint256 baseFeeL1, bytes32 messageDataHash) delayedMessage) delayProof)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x3e5aa082; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromBlobs(uint256 sequenceNumber, uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead, address gasRefunder, uint256 prevMessageCount, uint256 newMessageCount)`
- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59); selector: 0x917cf8ac; signature: `function addSequencerL2BatchFromBlobsDelayProof(uint256 sequenceNumber, uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead, address gasRefunder, uint256 prevMessageCount, uint256 newMessageCount, tuple(bytes32 beforeDelayedAcc, tuple(uint8 kind, address sender, uint64 blockNumber, uint64 timestamp, uint256 inboxSeqNum, uint256 baseFeeL1, bytes32 messageDataHash) delayedMessage) delayProof)`

#### State updates

- functionCall: 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71); selector: 0xa04cee60; signature: `function updateSendRoot(bytes32 root, bytes32 l2BlockHash) external`

### Last 30 day anomalies

All liveness anomalies detected for this project in the last 30 days, helping you review recent downtime and availability issues.

- No tx data submissions were performed for 24m 48s (from 2026-10-29 21:04 UTC until 2026-10-29 21:29 UTC). These typically occur every 11m 52s on average.
- No tx data submissions were performed for 20m 36s (from 2026-10-13 23:23 UTC until 2026-10-13 23:44 UTC). These typically occur every 11m 52s on average.

## Milestones & Incidents

- 2026-02-05: [Plume Network migrates to BoLD](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f). Plume Network upgrades to BoLD dispute protocol with ArbOS v51.
- 2025-11-18: [Plume Network stops using Celestia](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x55fefaa9e30fdcbd6dbaeba2d032922e707f83504a47edaf4da7523ec2d09e58). Plume Network stops using Celestia and switches to ArbOS v32 with a DAC for data availability.
- 2025-05-08: [Plume Network starts using Blobstream](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7). Upgraded ChallengeManager contract to the version that uses Celestia with Blobstream bridge.

## Risk summary

**Warning:** Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.

### Funds can be stolen if

1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL),
2. no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL),
3. an attacker successfully performs a resource exhaustion attack.

### Funds can be lost if

4. the external data becomes unavailable (CRITICAL).

### Users can be censored if

5. the committee restricts their access to the external data.

### MEV can be extracted if

6. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

## Risk analysis

**Warning:** Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.

### Sequencer failure

Self sequence (1d delay; sentiment: good)

In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 1d delay on this operation.

### State validation

Fraud proofs (INT) (5d 14h challenge period + 2d execution delay; sentiment: bad)

No actor outside of the single Proposer can submit fraud proofs. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks. There is a 5d 14h challenge period.

### Data availability

External (DAC) (sentiment: bad)

Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published onchain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 1/1 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.

### Exit window

None (sentiment: bad)

There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.

### Proposer failure

Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad)

Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.

## Stage

Plume Network is not even a Stage 0 project.

### Stage 0

1 issue needs fixing.

- Met: The project self-identifies as a Validium or Optimium.
- Met: State roots are posted to Ethereum L1.
- Met: A complete and functional proof system (fraud or validity proofs) is deployed.
- Met: A source-available node exists that can reconstruct the L2 state when DA is accessible. Please note that the ETHBEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code. [View code](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro)
- Issue: Fraud proof submission is not sufficiently decentralized.

### Stage 1

3 issues need fixing.

**Principle**

- Issue: Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council to push a malicious upgrade, or sequencer+DA-committee collusion to withhold data and finalize invalid state roots, should be the only ways (other than bugs) to steal funds or block withdrawals indefinitely.

**Guidelines**

- Met: Users are able to exit without the help of the permissioned operators, provided DA is accessible.
- Met: The sources of all programs used are public and program hashes can be independently regenerated.
- Issue: Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring.
- Issue: The Security Council is not properly set up.

[Learn more about Stages](https://ethbeat.org/stages).

Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect project security, this is an opinionated assessment of project maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal.

## Data availability

### Data is not stored on chain

Users transactions are not published onchain, but rather sent to external trusted parties, also known as committee members (DAC). Members of the DAC collectively produce a Data Availability Certificate (comprising BLS signatures from a quorum) guaranteeing that the data behind the new transaction batch will be available until the expiry period elapses (currently a minimum of two weeks). This signature is not verified by L1, however external Validators will skip the batch if BLS signature is not valid resulting. This will result in a fraud proof challenge if this batch is included in a consecutive state update. It is assumed that at least one honest DAC member that signed the batch will reveal tx data to the Validators if Sequencer decides to act maliciously and withhold the data. If the Sequencer cannot gather enough signatures from the DAC, it will "fall back to rollup" mode and by posting the full data directly to the L1 chain. The current DAC threshold is 1 out of 1.

**Risks**

- Funds can be lost if the external data becomes unavailable (CRITICAL).
- Users can be censored if the committee restricts their access to the external data.

**References**

- [Inside AnyTrust - Arbitrum documentation](https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-anytrust)

## State validation

![A diagram of the state validation](https://ethbeat.org/static/images/state-validation/bold.bb41beaf.png)

Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by a set of whitelisted validators. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals.

### State root proposals

Validators propose state roots as children of a previous state root. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. State roots are referred to as "assertions" within the contracts. Each chain of assertions only requires one stake, and validators staked on assertions with a child are considered inactive and can either move their stake to a new node or withdraw it. The function used to propose a new assertion is the `stakeOnNewAssertion` function. The stake is currently set to 0.1 ETH, and it can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. The protocol allows such funds to be trustlessly pooled together if necessary. New nodes cannot be created faster than the minimum assertion period, currently set to 15m. An assertion without "rivals" can be confirmed after the challenge period has passed, currently set to 5d 14h. If a rival is present, then it is checked that the assertion is the winner in the challenge protocol.

**Risks**

- Funds can be stolen if no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL).

**References**

- [BoLD paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.10491)

### Challenges

A challenge can be started between two siblings, i.e. two different state roots that share the same parent, by calling the `createLayerZeroEdge` function in the `ChallengeManager` contract. Edges represent assertions, or bisected assertions, within the challenge protocol. Challenges are played via a bisection game, where asserters and challengers play together to find the first instruction of disagreement. Such instruction is then executed onchain in the WASM OneStepProver contract to determine the winner. An edge can only be bisected when rivaled. The bisection process requires no new stake as their validity is checked against a parent "history root" that contains all intermediate states. An edge can also be confirmed if itself or its descendants spend enough time being unrivaled. Such time is set to 5d 14h. If both actors play as slow as possible, the maximum time to confirm an edge is double such value, i.e. 11d 4h. Due to the complexities of maintaining the history root, the challenge protocol is divided into 3 levels, where the lowest level represents assertions over blocks, the highest level represents assertions over single WASM instructions, and intermediate levels represent assertions over chunks of WASM instructions. When moving between levels, a new stake is required. Level 0 (block level) requires a stake of 0.0 ETH, level 1 requires a stake of 0.1 ETH, level 2 requires a stake of 0.1 ETH. The ratio between such stakes can be exploited to perform resource exhaustion attacks.

**Risks**

- Funds can be stolen if an attacker successfully performs a resource exhaustion attack.

**References**

- [Fraud Proof Wars: Arbitrum BoLD](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a)

### Program Hashes

#### ArbOS wasmModuleRoot v61

A commitment to the exact WASM binary version used for Orbit stack optimistic dispute games.

- Hash: `0xc10cd7ec6acaf1c441a3f6bd0900ad20f15855ba775a96f1939118cbc629dc97`
- Repository: https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/tree/consensus-v61/arbos
- Verification: successful
- Used in: [Arbitrum One](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/arbitrum), [Robinhood Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/robinhood), [Plume Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork), [SX Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/sxnetwork), [Arbitrum Nova](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/nova), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya), [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained), [Appchain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/appchain), [Earnm](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm)

##### Verification steps

Even though the program is compiled in docker for reproducibility reasons, it gives the correct results only on linux OS. Steps below were done on Ubuntu 22.04 OS. The steps below consume ~95 GiB disk space.

1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/).
2. Checkout the correct branch in [nitro](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro) repo: `git checkout consensus-v61` . Commit hash should be `dfab1dea5c8d2c5089eb26d22ad6239bb78cfa5d`.
3. Update git submodules `git submodule update --init --recursive --force`.
4. Fix a dependency on a private repo in `Dockerfile`: replace line `RUN --mount=type=secret,id=gh_token,required=false ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.3 0xeadc910d36a0eab43a3dd7acb1a3513885e333785689c7cf750b9949c5bb7227 OffchainLabs/nitro-private` with `RUN ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.5 0x7a9e6a77354888257a9989ce0b6bb39df5fedf222d453932933fdf7a489cbb57`.
4. Generate wasm module root in docker: `docker buildx build --target nitro-node-dev -t nitro-node-dev .`.
5. Export the value from the docker: `docker run --rm --entrypoint cat nitro-node-dev /home/user/target/machines/latest/module-root.txt`.

## Upgrades & Governance

### Past upgrades

The metrics include upgrades on the currently used proxy contracts. Historical proxy contracts and changes of such are not included.

- Count of upgrades: 9
- Last upgrade: 9mo 2d ago
- Avg upgrade interval: 7mo 12d

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, deployment of [EdgeChallengeManager](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0AFA44077796B9F14ecDAE817403ACb255B5983e#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x93069fFd7730733eCfd57A0D2D528CF686248524](https://etherscan.io/address/0x93069fFd7730733eCfd57A0D2D528CF686248524#code)
- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x35381f63091926750F43b2A7401B083263aDEF83#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xd7FD189F1652378f32dA3db7926e51a7b0344797/eth:0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6))
- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, deployment of [RollupProxy](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4eD3F488a5a4417839BbC39712EB76D8Aaee6eE8#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x16aD566aaa05fe6977A033DE2472c05C84CAB724](https://etherscan.io/address/0x16aD566aaa05fe6977A033DE2472c05C84CAB724#code), [0xA4892FFE3Deab25337D7D1A5b94b35dABa255451](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA4892FFE3Deab25337D7D1A5b94b35dABa255451#code)
- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50/eth:0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324))
- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [Outbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386](https://etherscan.io/address/0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1f24EDD5161f82588007f33B72b0b28e46cCE878/eth:0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386))
- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054/eth:0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e))
- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [RollupEventInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf576102530749344D2f4C04D15C2B8609c7897ea#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xb0f031Cd10598c6b4C33FcE1675F26CF937091da/eth:0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe))
- 2025-05-08 20:11 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7), implementations: [0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18/eth:0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50))
- 2025-05-08 20:11 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7), implementations: [0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4/eth:0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054))
- 2025-04-25 21:26 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd), implementations: [0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18](https://etherscan.io/address/0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x46FaF6838Bbf770986f073348D41881D5e54Fb0F/eth:0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18))
- 2025-04-25 21:26 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd), implementations: [0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x85a77E293a81d4C35F304951e41378E5e43d1f53/eth:0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4))
- 2025-02-20 10:39 UTC, deployment of [ERC20Gateway](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE2C902BC61296531e556962ffC81A082b82f5F28#code): transaction [0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344), implementations: [0xe80b4E0ed5e92d865F4708eeE0E1564287a7D848](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe80b4E0ed5e92d865F4708eeE0E1564287a7D848#code)
- 2025-02-20 10:39 UTC, deployment of [GatewayRouter](https://etherscan.io/address/0x17551CBD1ed02768b00D5Bd198c2D86a4c7ee43d#code): transaction [0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344), implementations: [0x5Ff3feD7aad041ACe66E4ecDd7AfbCC43b6446b0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5Ff3feD7aad041ACe66E4ecDd7AfbCC43b6446b0#code)
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x35381f63091926750F43b2A7401B083263aDEF83#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0xd7FD189F1652378f32dA3db7926e51a7b0344797](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd7FD189F1652378f32dA3db7926e51a7b0344797#code)
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x46FaF6838Bbf770986f073348D41881D5e54Fb0F](https://etherscan.io/address/0x46FaF6838Bbf770986f073348D41881D5e54Fb0F#code)
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [Outbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x1f24EDD5161f82588007f33B72b0b28e46cCE878](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1f24EDD5161f82588007f33B72b0b28e46cCE878#code)
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x85a77E293a81d4C35F304951e41378E5e43d1f53](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85a77E293a81d4C35F304951e41378E5e43d1f53#code)
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [RollupEventInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf576102530749344D2f4C04D15C2B8609c7897ea#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0xb0f031Cd10598c6b4C33FcE1675F26CF937091da](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb0f031Cd10598c6b4C33FcE1675F26CF937091da#code)
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [UpgradeExecutor](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd688dabDBb14D673898689135a23a174560c8C04#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x011d8F10fbC20C14B453768253CdFF7EB5B96917](https://etherscan.io/address/0x011d8F10fbC20C14B453768253CdFF7EB5B96917#code)

## Updates

Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs.

### [2026-10-20 10:08 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=0cd82ad8) (high severity, 2 changes)

RollupProxy: ArbOS v51 → v61 wasm module root, executed by Conduit Multisig 1 through the UpgradeExecutor.

### [2026-08-25 14:43 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=d60cd741) (2 changes)

Conduit Multisig 1: member added; threshold 4/10 → 4/11. Also config-related: the shared wasmModuleRoot type map gained the ArbOS v61 label.

### [2026-06-11 11:26 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=d7b40c14) (3 changes)

Conduit Multisig 1 dropped two signers.

### [2026-06-02 11:13 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=d0995e53) (2 changes)

Conduit Multisig 1 rotated one signer (operator key `0x3840…fd5f` → `0xcdC9…4853`); same rotation propagated across Conduit Multisigs 1/2/3 on eth/arb1/base.

### [2026-05-05 15:18 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=0ac29810) (2 changes)

Conduit Multisig 1 (`eth:0x4a496227...`) — signer `0x381624F7` removed. Threshold unchanged at 4; total signers 13 → 12 (31% → 33%). Shared multisig (referenced by multiple Conduit-managed chains).

### [2026-02-06 15:29 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=f3af69dd) (high severity, 68 changes)

Migration from classic Arbitrum Nitro to BoLD dispute protocol.

RollupProxy is replaced with a new RollupProxyBoLD at a new address (same code as Arbitrum One BoLD). ChallengeManager is replaced with an EdgeChallengeManager implementing the BoLD edge-based challenge system, and all OneStepProver contracts are replaced with new deployments. ArbOS version is now v51. The validator whitelist remains enabled with a single validator, and validatorAfkBlocks is set to ~427M years (effectively disabling the AFK escape hatch). confirmPeriodBlocks is 40320 (~5.6 days). Challenge stakes are 0.1 WETH (vs 555/79 WETH on Arbitrum One). loserStakeEscrow points to the sole validator address.

All infrastructure contracts (Bridge, Inbox, Outbox, SequencerInbox, RollupEventInbox) are upgraded with BoLD-era changes. Since Plume uses a custom gas token (PLUME), these are the ERC20 variants of the BoLD contracts - the first deployment of this combination. The ERC20 BoLD variants differ from Arbitrum One's ETH BoLD contracts in: token decimal normalization, safeTransferFrom for token escrow, fee token pricer integration, and ERC20-specific spending report logic.

SequencerInbox: Celestia DA support is removed (CELESTIA_MESSAGE_HEADER_FLAG deleted). Delay buffer system is enabled (isDelayBufferable: true). delayBlocks increased from 5760 to 7200. New feeTokenPricer field added (currently set to zero address). New batch posting functions with delay proofs added.

ERC20RollupEventInbox: _currentDataCostToReport now queries the SequencerInbox's feeTokenPricer for exchange rate-based data cost reporting (previously always returned 0).

Bridge: Added zero-amount transfer guards in _transferFunds and _executeLowLevelCall. Added Messages.isValidDelayedAccPreimage helper for delay buffer proof validation.

New ERC20Bridge_BoLD, ERC20Inbox_BoLD, and ERC20RollupEventInbox_BoLD shapes added to templates.

Disco diffs (Arbitrum BoLD ETH vs Plume BoLD ERC20 - shows what the ERC20 gas token variants add):
- Bridge: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x93e8f92327bFa8096F5F6ee5f2a49183D3B3b898/eth:0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6
- Inbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x7C058ad1D0Ee415f7e7f30e62DB1BCf568470a10/eth:0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e
- RollupEventInbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x6D576E220Cb44C3E8eF75D0EfBeb1Ff041e2E4A5/eth:0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe

Old vs new Plume implementation diffs:
- Bridge: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xd7FD189F1652378f32dA3db7926e51a7b0344797/eth:0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6
- ERC20Inbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054/eth:0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e
- ERC20RollupEventInbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xb0f031Cd10598c6b4C33FcE1675F26CF937091da/eth:0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe
- SequencerInbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50/eth:0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324
- Outbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1f24EDD5161f82588007f33B72b0b28e46cCE878/eth:0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386

### [2026-01-27 11:49 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=20f2618a) (2 changes)

New member added to Conduit Multisig 1, increasing from 4 of 12 to 4 of 13 threshold.

### [2026-01-21 08:34 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=ea02ef9e) (2 changes)

New member conduit msig.

### [2026-01-16 12:23 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=7667c324) (2 changes)

Conduit Multisig 1 added a new signer, increasing members from 10 to 11 (threshold remains 4).

### [2025-12-05 11:23 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=51905575) (3 changes)

Conduit multisig key rotation.

### [2025-11-19 12:21 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=d0497842) (3 changes)

No more a Celestia L2.

### [2025-10-03 08:42 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=44fade36) (2 changes)

Member removed from multisig.

### [2025-08-26 13:24 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=14218992) (2 changes)

Conduit msig: removed one address

### [2025-08-12 14:37 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=2839dd13) (2 changes)

Conduit Multisig 1 signer added.

### [2025-07-14 12:45 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=6ddbba85) (18 changes)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-07-11 12:30 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=38380d0d) (5 changes)

operator addresses removed.

### [2025-06-20 06:57 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=37199826) (23 changes)

Add 9 batchposters and validators (conduit).

### [2025-06-12 14:57 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=bb518bc8) (2 changes)

Added ERC20 gateway.

### [2025-06-12 08:03 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork?update=9dc9d2ac) (16 changes)

Initial discovery.

## Operator

### The system has a centralized sequencer

While forcing transaction is open to anyone the system employs a privileged sequencer that has priority for submitting transaction batches and ordering transactions.

**Risks**

- MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

**References**

- [Sequencer - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/inside-arbitrum-nitro#the-sequencer)

### Users can force any transaction

Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly. After a delay of 1d in which a Sequencer has failed to include a transaction that was directly posted to the smart contract, it can be forcefully included by anyone on the host chain, which finalizes its ordering.

**References**

- [SequencerInbox.sol - source code, forceInclusion function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324#code)
- [Sequencer Isn't Doing Its Job - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer#unhappyuncommon-case-sequencer-isnt-doing-its-job)

## Sequencing

### Buffered forced transactions

To force transactions from the host chain, users must first enqueue "delayed" messages in the "delayed" inbox of the Bridge contract. Only authorized Inboxes are allowed to enqueue delayed messages, and the so-called Inbox contract is the one used as the entry point by calling the `sendMessage` or `sendMessageFromOrigin` functions. If the centralized sequencer doesn't process the request within some time bound, users can call the `forceInclusion` function on the SequencerInbox contract to include the message in the canonical chain. The time bound is defined to be the minimum between 1d and the time left in the delay buffer. The delay buffer mechanism is present in the code but is effectively disabled due to buffer parameters being set to extreme values.

**References**

- [Sequencer and censorship resistance - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer)

## Withdrawals

### Regular messaging

The user initiates L2->L1 messages by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled, the message becomes available for processing on L1. The process of block finalization usually takes several days to complete.

**References**

- [Transaction lifecycle - Arbitrum documentation](https://developer.offchainlabs.com/tx-lifecycle)
- [L2 to L1 Messages - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/deep-dives/l2-to-l1-messaging)
- [Mainnet for everyone - Arbitrum Blog](https://offchain.medium.com/mainnet-for-everyone-27ce0f67c85e)

### Autonomous exit

Users can (eventually) exit the system by pushing the transaction on L1 and providing the corresponding state root. The only way to prevent such withdrawal is via an upgrade.

## Other considerations

### EVM compatible smart contracts are supported

Arbitrum One uses Nitro technology that allows running fraud proofs by executing EVM code on top of WASM.

**References**

- [Inside Arbitrum Nitro](https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-arbitrum-nitro/)

## Permissions

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/plumenetwork

### Ethereum

#### Actors

##### Conduit Multisig 1

Addresses: [0x4a4962275DF8C60a80d3a25faEc5AA7De116A746](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4a4962275DF8C60a80d3a25faEc5AA7De116A746)

A Multisig with 4/11 threshold.
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - EdgeChallengeManager [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - GatewayRouter [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Bridge [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - RollupProxy [via: UpgradeExecutor]
  - Outbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - SequencerInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Inbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - UpgradeExecutor [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - ERC20Gateway [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - RollupEventInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
- Can interact with RollupProxy
  - Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability, DACs and the fastConfirmer role, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes [via: UpgradeExecutor]

Participants (11): [0x9402c42dB162d5a0927c032136f40Cc9C71853F2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9402c42dB162d5a0927c032136f40Cc9C71853F2), [0xcdC931935768c0562AfE989A366a3Dc4d52F4853](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcdC931935768c0562AfE989A366a3Dc4d52F4853), [0xA9FCCc53F1c9095DA867Bd648683F8bdCcc78d09](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA9FCCc53F1c9095DA867Bd648683F8bdCcc78d09), [0x6BB4249858Ee19b6ABC071AD26bEe690baa783A6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6BB4249858Ee19b6ABC071AD26bEe690baa783A6), [0x2103c69696CB2D3779f5445393808239034E911c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2103c69696CB2D3779f5445393808239034E911c), [0x81175155D85377C337d92f1FA52Da166C3A4E7Ac](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81175155D85377C337d92f1FA52Da166C3A4E7Ac), [0xA0737fea60F0601A192E3d2c98865A883ab0bda2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA0737fea60F0601A192E3d2c98865A883ab0bda2), [0xF3313C48BD8E17b823d5498D62F37019dFEA647D](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF3313C48BD8E17b823d5498D62F37019dFEA647D), [0xa0C600a6e85bf225958FFAcC70B5FDDF9A059038](https://etherscan.io/address/0xa0C600a6e85bf225958FFAcC70B5FDDF9A059038), [0xefCf0c8faFB425997870f845e26fC6cA6EE6dD5C](https://etherscan.io/address/0xefCf0c8faFB425997870f845e26fC6cA6EE6dD5C), [0x4D8007a0E9f293e62E2b0F43C6Cf4C4B9e135BAe](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4D8007a0E9f293e62E2b0F43C6Cf4C4B9e135BAe)

Used in: [Aevo](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/aevo#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Katana](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/katana#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Metal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/metal#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Mode Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/mode#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Nillion](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/nillion#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Orderly Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/orderly#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Phala](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/phala#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Ronin](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ronin-network#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Zircuit](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/zircuit#Conduit%20Multisig%201), [Zora](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/zora#Conduit%20Multisig%201)

##### EOA 1

Addresses: [0x11f563dDbF266484Dd910A401A7e44299d80b1d5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x11f563dDbF266484Dd910A401A7e44299d80b1d5)

- Can interact with RollupProxy
  - Can propose new state roots (called nodes) and challenge state roots on the host chain

##### 9 EOAs

Addresses: [0x17F187D978664C96ffD655996a45e085c403AD8b](https://etherscan.io/address/0x17F187D978664C96ffD655996a45e085c403AD8b) (EOA 2), [0x2E8C0869C173cC07c58186E9DeEA74314635b1E2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2E8C0869C173cC07c58186E9DeEA74314635b1E2) (EOA 3), [0x4ed0f98FB4c331e672653E832c55E0f9F402C228](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4ed0f98FB4c331e672653E832c55E0f9F402C228) (EOA 4), [0x74a0d46BA4F69cAB77A459f8B12dc531c7DaBf3C](https://etherscan.io/address/0x74a0d46BA4F69cAB77A459f8B12dc531c7DaBf3C) (EOA 5), [0x85e70D857F6Fad7AD4ffc3fC95FD0fd8C396A09D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85e70D857F6Fad7AD4ffc3fC95FD0fd8C396A09D) (EOA 6), [0xA4f98Ac0E083C79BAB53A3895082e8a4fbf12CDe](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA4f98Ac0E083C79BAB53A3895082e8a4fbf12CDe) (EOA 7), [0xb9B2AeAe8D160a5bF9cb7FE7B2c8B58c0293FD5e](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb9B2AeAe8D160a5bF9cb7FE7B2c8B58c0293FD5e) (EOA 8), [0xc7ef93FE91D4658bb422B11C5f8Ae17ae3B86D36](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc7ef93FE91D4658bb422B11C5f8Ae17ae3B86D36) (EOA 9), [0xCEEAEC6b7e010fE1Ac253Ebd6f93eEBF9249Cd7e](https://etherscan.io/address/0xCEEAEC6b7e010fE1Ac253Ebd6f93eEBF9249Cd7e) (EOA 10)

- Can interact with SequencerInbox
  - Can submit transaction batches or commitments to the SequencerInbox contract on the host chain

## Smart contracts

![A diagram of the smart contract architecture](https://ethbeat.org/static/images/architecture/orbit-optimium.5e9f33fb.png)

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/plumenetwork

### Ethereum

#### EdgeChallengeManager

Addresses: [0x0AFA44077796B9F14ecDAE817403ACb255B5983e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0AFA44077796B9F14ecDAE817403ACb255B5983e#code), [0x93069fFd7730733eCfd57A0D2D528CF686248524](https://etherscan.io/address/0x93069fFd7730733eCfd57A0D2D528CF686248524#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, deployment of [EdgeChallengeManager](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0AFA44077796B9F14ecDAE817403ACb255B5983e#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x93069fFd7730733eCfd57A0D2D528CF686248524](https://etherscan.io/address/0x93069fFd7730733eCfd57A0D2D528CF686248524#code)

Contract that implements the main challenge protocol logic of the fraud proof system.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#EdgeChallengeManager), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#EdgeChallengeManager), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#EdgeChallengeManager), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#EdgeChallengeManager)

#### Bridge (escrow)

Addresses: [0x35381f63091926750F43b2A7401B083263aDEF83](https://etherscan.io/address/0x35381f63091926750F43b2A7401B083263aDEF83#code), [0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 9mo 2d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 10mo 10d)

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x35381f63091926750F43b2A7401B083263aDEF83#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xd7FD189F1652378f32dA3db7926e51a7b0344797/eth:0x81be1Bf06cB9B23e8EEDa3145c3366A912DAD9D6))
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [Bridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x35381f63091926750F43b2A7401B083263aDEF83#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0xd7FD189F1652378f32dA3db7926e51a7b0344797](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd7FD189F1652378f32dA3db7926e51a7b0344797#code)

Escrow contract for the project's gas token (can be different from ETH). Keeps a list of allowed Inboxes and Outboxes for canonical bridge messaging.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

The following tokens are included in the value secured calculation: PLUME

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#Bridge), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#Bridge), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#Bridge)

#### RollupProxy

Addresses: [0x4eD3F488a5a4417839BbC39712EB76D8Aaee6eE8](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4eD3F488a5a4417839BbC39712EB76D8Aaee6eE8#code), [0x16aD566aaa05fe6977A033DE2472c05C84CAB724](https://etherscan.io/address/0x16aD566aaa05fe6977A033DE2472c05C84CAB724#code) (Implementation #1 (Upgradable)), [0xA4892FFE3Deab25337D7D1A5b94b35dABa255451](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA4892FFE3Deab25337D7D1A5b94b35dABa255451#code) (Implementation #2 (Upgradable)), [0xd688dabDBb14D673898689135a23a174560c8C04](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd688dabDBb14D673898689135a23a174560c8C04#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, deployment of [RollupProxy](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4eD3F488a5a4417839BbC39712EB76D8Aaee6eE8#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x16aD566aaa05fe6977A033DE2472c05C84CAB724](https://etherscan.io/address/0x16aD566aaa05fe6977A033DE2472c05C84CAB724#code), [0xA4892FFE3Deab25337D7D1A5b94b35dABa255451](https://etherscan.io/address/0xA4892FFE3Deab25337D7D1A5b94b35dABa255451#code)

Central contract for the project's configuration like its execution logic hash (`wasmModuleRoot`) and addresses of the other system contracts. Entry point for Proposers creating new assertions (state commitments) and Challengers submitting fraud proofs (In the Orbit stack, these two roles are both called Validators).
- Roles:
  - **admin**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1
  - **getValidators**: EOA 1
  - **owner**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#RollupProxy), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#RollupProxy), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#RollupProxy), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#RollupProxy)

#### SequencerInbox

Addresses: [0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code), [0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 3, Last upgrade: 9mo 2d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 5mo 5d)

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50/eth:0x6F2E7F9B5Db5e4e9B5B1181D2Eb0e4972500C324))
- 2025-05-08 20:11 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7), implementations: [0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18/eth:0xC1fB0cCa6e751dEe25e3D537D309d336E8304d50))
- 2025-04-25 21:26 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd), implementations: [0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18](https://etherscan.io/address/0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x46FaF6838Bbf770986f073348D41881D5e54Fb0F/eth:0xaEd84B70Be8117112a5aa0d93a7fBff463A03b18))
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [SequencerInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85eC1b9138a8b9659A51e2b51bb0861901040b59#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x46FaF6838Bbf770986f073348D41881D5e54Fb0F](https://etherscan.io/address/0x46FaF6838Bbf770986f073348D41881D5e54Fb0F#code)

A sequencer (registered in this contract) can submit transaction batches or commitments here.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1
  - **batchPosters**: EOA 10, EOA 2, EOA 3, EOA 4, EOA 5, EOA 6, EOA 7, EOA 8, EOA 9

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#SequencerInbox), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#SequencerInbox), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#SequencerInbox)

#### UpgradeExecutor

Addresses: [0xd688dabDBb14D673898689135a23a174560c8C04](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd688dabDBb14D673898689135a23a174560c8C04#code), [0x011d8F10fbC20C14B453768253CdFF7EB5B96917](https://etherscan.io/address/0x011d8F10fbC20C14B453768253CdFF7EB5B96917#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [UpgradeExecutor](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd688dabDBb14D673898689135a23a174560c8C04#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x011d8F10fbC20C14B453768253CdFF7EB5B96917](https://etherscan.io/address/0x011d8F10fbC20C14B453768253CdFF7EB5B96917#code)

Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1
  - **executors**: Conduit Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#UpgradeExecutor), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#UpgradeExecutor)

#### Outbox

Addresses: [0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71#code), [0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386](https://etherscan.io/address/0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 9mo 2d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 10mo 10d)

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [Outbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386](https://etherscan.io/address/0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1f24EDD5161f82588007f33B72b0b28e46cCE878/eth:0x17E0C5fE0dFF2AE4cfC9E96d9Ccd112DaF5c0386))
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [Outbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7e4627bC114Fcd12ba912103279FD2858E644E71#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x1f24EDD5161f82588007f33B72b0b28e46cCE878](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1f24EDD5161f82588007f33B72b0b28e46cCE878#code)

Facilitates L2 to L1 contract calls: Messages initiated from L2 (for example withdrawal messages) eventually resolve in execution on L1.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#Outbox), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#Outbox), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#Outbox)

#### Inbox

Addresses: [0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code), [0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 3, Last upgrade: 9mo 2d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 5mo 5d)

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054/eth:0xD210b64eD9D47Ef8Acf1A3284722FcC7Fc6A1f4e))
- 2025-05-08 20:11 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd2b584ea74be507497164ccdf37ceb1b3b66bad282c58a77811519c0c6b3acf7), implementations: [0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054](https://etherscan.io/address/0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4/eth:0x81eEEbb902693A3a90948Fe0A661aedb35271054))
- 2025-04-25 21:26 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x95770a864151002415a2e504452a4bccb01906d9a94d74cbd9cb651b337317bd), implementations: [0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x85a77E293a81d4C35F304951e41378E5e43d1f53/eth:0x6C051397fee2d79ccf92d1f3c5c6547fEBD838F4))
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [Inbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0x943fc691242291B74B105e8D19bd9E5DC2fcBa1D#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0x85a77E293a81d4C35F304951e41378E5e43d1f53](https://etherscan.io/address/0x85a77E293a81d4C35F304951e41378E5e43d1f53#code)

Facilitates sending L1 to L2 messages like depositing ETH, but does not escrow funds.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#Inbox), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#Inbox), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#Inbox)

#### ERC20Gateway (escrow)

Addresses: [0xE2C902BC61296531e556962ffC81A082b82f5F28](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE2C902BC61296531e556962ffC81A082b82f5F28#code), [0xe80b4E0ed5e92d865F4708eeE0E1564287a7D848](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe80b4E0ed5e92d865F4708eeE0E1564287a7D848#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2025-02-20 10:39 UTC, deployment of [ERC20Gateway](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE2C902BC61296531e556962ffC81A082b82f5F28#code): transaction [0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344), implementations: [0xe80b4E0ed5e92d865F4708eeE0E1564287a7D848](https://etherscan.io/address/0xe80b4E0ed5e92d865F4708eeE0E1564287a7D848#code)

Escrows deposited ERC-20 assets for the canonical Bridge. Upon depositing, a generic token representation will be minted at the destination. Withdrawals are initiated by the Outbox contract.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

All supported tokens in this escrow are included in the value secured calculation.

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [SX Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/sxnetwork#ERC20Gateway)

#### GatewayRouter

Addresses: [0x17551CBD1ed02768b00D5Bd198c2D86a4c7ee43d](https://etherscan.io/address/0x17551CBD1ed02768b00D5Bd198c2D86a4c7ee43d#code), [0x5Ff3feD7aad041ACe66E4ecDd7AfbCC43b6446b0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5Ff3feD7aad041ACe66E4ecDd7AfbCC43b6446b0#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2025-02-20 10:39 UTC, deployment of [GatewayRouter](https://etherscan.io/address/0x17551CBD1ed02768b00D5Bd198c2D86a4c7ee43d#code): transaction [0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa224ea5ce59dc666331b8e2a60154dcb00f3972c3bba8b50fc2844b257828344), implementations: [0x5Ff3feD7aad041ACe66E4ecDd7AfbCC43b6446b0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5Ff3feD7aad041ACe66E4ecDd7AfbCC43b6446b0#code)

This routing contract maps tokens to the correct escrow (gateway) to be then bridged with canonical messaging.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [SX Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/sxnetwork#GatewayRouter)

#### OneStepProverMemory

Addresses: [0x29efff3EfE3E01A3F69011a054C33410edFc2283](https://etherscan.io/address/0x29efff3EfE3E01A3F69011a054C33410edFc2283#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#OneStepProverMemory), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#OneStepProverMemory), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#OneStepProverMemory), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#OneStepProverMemory)

#### OneStepProver0

Addresses: [0x7368F782E109518fD3914e8b315eE45E51C15835](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7368F782E109518fD3914e8b315eE45E51C15835#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#OneStepProver0), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#OneStepProver0), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#OneStepProver0), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#OneStepProver0)

#### OneStepProofEntry

Addresses: [0x91cB57F200Bd5F897E41C164425Ab4DB0991A64f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x91cB57F200Bd5F897E41C164425Ab4DB0991A64f#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#OneStepProofEntry), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#OneStepProofEntry), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#OneStepProofEntry), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#OneStepProofEntry)

#### ProxyAdmin

Addresses: [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code)

- Roles:
  - **owner**: UpgradeExecutor

#### OneStepProverMath

Addresses: [0xD1D75248ed95450B793d80F9fb418C2eD4c5F5e4](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD1D75248ed95450B793d80F9fb418C2eD4c5F5e4#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#OneStepProverMath), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#OneStepProverMath), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#OneStepProverMath), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#OneStepProverMath)

#### OneStepProverHostIo

Addresses: [0xDdaD5E59D056078A4E67a9d42e21Ce8057F22D60](https://etherscan.io/address/0xDdaD5E59D056078A4E67a9d42e21Ce8057F22D60#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#OneStepProverHostIo), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#OneStepProverHostIo), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#OneStepProverHostIo), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya#OneStepProverHostIo)

#### RollupEventInbox

Addresses: [0xf576102530749344D2f4C04D15C2B8609c7897ea](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf576102530749344D2f4C04D15C2B8609c7897ea#code), [0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb90fe445014e74eA5aA7681291212bfEa37031CC#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 9mo 2d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 10mo 10d)

- 2026-02-05 09:16 UTC, upgrade of [RollupEventInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf576102530749344D2f4C04D15C2B8609c7897ea#code): transaction [0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x91f946c6c2aaa8d2d87616f38d39514c8c08650703eb12010de9968db16bed4f), implementations: [0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xb0f031Cd10598c6b4C33FcE1675F26CF937091da/eth:0x0d079b22B0B4083b9b0bDc62Bf1a4EAF4a95bDEe))
- 2025-02-20 10:34 UTC, deployment of [RollupEventInbox](https://etherscan.io/address/0xf576102530749344D2f4C04D15C2B8609c7897ea#code): transaction [0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xc3385e9ca08b08dbaff64e36514f4268ff6ade6a62ea85aef959339f3b049cc4), implementations: [0xb0f031Cd10598c6b4C33FcE1675F26CF937091da](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb0f031Cd10598c6b4C33FcE1675F26CF937091da#code)

Helper contract sending configuration data over the bridge during the systems initialization.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 1

Can be upgraded by: Conduit Multisig 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Gravity](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/galxegravity#RollupEventInbox), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet#RollupEventInbox), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained#RollupEventInbox)

The current deployment carries some associated risks:

- Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL).

### Program Hashes

#### ArbOS wasmModuleRoot v61

A commitment to the exact WASM binary version used for Orbit stack optimistic dispute games.

- Hash: `0xc10cd7ec6acaf1c441a3f6bd0900ad20f15855ba775a96f1939118cbc629dc97`
- Repository: https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/tree/consensus-v61/arbos
- Verification: successful
- Used in: [Arbitrum One](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/arbitrum), [Robinhood Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/robinhood), [Plume Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork), [SX Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/sxnetwork), [Arbitrum Nova](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/nova), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya), [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained), [Appchain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/appchain), [Earnm](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm)

##### Verification steps

Even though the program is compiled in docker for reproducibility reasons, it gives the correct results only on linux OS. Steps below were done on Ubuntu 22.04 OS. The steps below consume ~95 GiB disk space.

1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/).
2. Checkout the correct branch in [nitro](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro) repo: `git checkout consensus-v61` . Commit hash should be `dfab1dea5c8d2c5089eb26d22ad6239bb78cfa5d`.
3. Update git submodules `git submodule update --init --recursive --force`.
4. Fix a dependency on a private repo in `Dockerfile`: replace line `RUN --mount=type=secret,id=gh_token,required=false ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.3 0xeadc910d36a0eab43a3dd7acb1a3513885e333785689c7cf750b9949c5bb7227 OffchainLabs/nitro-private` with `RUN ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.5 0x7a9e6a77354888257a9989ce0b6bb39df5fedf222d453932933fdf7a489cbb57`.
4. Generate wasm module root in docker: `docker buildx build --target nitro-node-dev -t nitro-node-dev .`.
5. Export the value from the docker: `docker run --rm --entrypoint cat nitro-node-dev /home/user/target/machines/latest/module-root.txt`.