# Linea

Markdown version of https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea

## Summary

- Total Value Secured: $331.65 M (-2.13% compared to seven days ago; canonically bridged $115.93 M, natively minted $1.37 M, externally bridged $214.34 M; 64.6% with additional trust assumptions compared to the tokens involved and the Stage assigned to the project's canonical messaging bridge)
- TVS by asset: ETH & derivatives $238.21 M (71.8%), Stablecoins $31.11 M (9.38%), BTC & derivatives $2.83 M (0.85%), Other $59.49 M (17.9%)
- Associated tokens: LINEA: $57.86 M (17.4% of TVS)
- Past day UOPS: 0.16 (-74.0% compared to seven days ago)
- Stage: Stage 0
- Gas token: ETH
- Type: ZK Rollup
- Purpose: Universal
- Host chain: Ethereum
- Chain ID: 59144

### Risks

- Sequencer failure: No mechanism (sentiment: bad)
- State validation: Validity proofs (SN) (No execution delay; sentiment: good)
- Data availability: Onchain (sentiment: good)
- Exit window: None (sentiment: bad)
- Proposer failure: Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad)

### About

Linea is a ZK Rollup powered by a zkEVM developed at Consensys, designed to scale the Ethereum network.

### Links

- Website: https://linea.build/
- Bridge: https://bridge.linea.build/
- Docs: https://docs.linea.build/
- Explorer: https://lineascan.build/, https://lineaplorer.build/, https://explorer.linea.build/
- Repository: https://github.com/Consensys?q=linea&type=all&language=&sort=stargazers
- Social: https://twitter.com/LineaBuild, https://discord.gg/linea, https://linea.mirror.xyz/, https://linkedin.com/company/lineabuild/, https://community.linea.build/
- Other: https://rollup.codes/linea, https://growthepie.com/chains/linea
- Contracts explorer (Disco): https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/linea

### Badges

- EVM: This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language
- Ethereum with blobs: This project is posting its data to Ethereum as blobs
- L3 Host Chain: This project serves as a host chain for L3s

## Value Secured

The interactive TVS charts are shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea#tvs).

Token by token: [TVS breakdown](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea/tvs-breakdown).

- [TVS chart (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/linea)
- [TVS breakdown by token (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/linea/breakdown)

## Activity

The interactive activity chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea#activity).

- [Activity chart (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/activity/linea)

## Onchain costs

The section shows the operating costs that L2s pay to Ethereum.

The interactive costs chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea#onchain-costs).

### Tracked transactions

#### Batch submissions

- functionCall: 2024-02-13 13:32 UTC - 2024-03-26 16:08 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x7a776315; signature: `function submitData((bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes32,bytes))`
- functionCall: 2024-03-26 10:36 UTC - 2024-06-05 11:51 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x2d3c12e5; signature: `function submitBlobData(tuple(bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes32),uint256,bytes,bytes)`
- functionCall: 2024-06-05 11:51 UTC - 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x42fbe842; signature: `function submitBlobs(((bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes32),uint256,bytes,bytes)[], bytes32, bytes32)`
- functionCall: 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x6854f6bc; signature: `function submitDataAsCalldata(tuple(bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 snarkHash, bytes compressedData) _submission, bytes32 _parentShnarf, bytes32 _expectedShnarf)`
- functionCall: 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x99467a35; signature: `function submitBlobs(tuple(uint256 dataEvaluationClaim, bytes kzgCommitment, bytes kzgProof, bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 snarkHash)[] _blobSubmissions, bytes32 _parentShnarf, bytes32 _finalBlobShnarf)`

#### State updates

- functionCall: 2023-07-12 11:05 UTC - 2024-02-13 13:32 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x4165d6dd; signature: `function finalizeBlocks((bytes32, uint32, bytes[], bytes32[], bytes, uint16[])[] _blocksData,bytes _proof,uint256 _proofType,bytes32 _parentStateRootHash)`
- functionCall: 2024-02-13 13:32 UTC - 2024-06-04 13:49 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0xd630280f; signature: `function finalizeCompressedBlocksWithProof(bytes,uint256,(bytes32,bytes32[],bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256,bytes32,uint256,bytes32[],uint256,bytes))`
- functionCall: 2024-06-04 13:49 UTC - 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0xabffac32; signature: `function finalizeBlocksWithProof(bytes,uint256,(bytes32,bytes32,uint256,(bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32),uint256,uint256,bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256,bytes32[],bytes))`
- functionCall: 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC - 2026-07-16 11:32 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x5603c65f; signature: `function finalizeBlocks(bytes _aggregatedProof, uint256 _proofType, tuple(bytes32 parentStateRootHash, uint256 endBlockNumber, tuple(bytes32 parentShnarf, bytes32 snarkHash, bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 dataEvaluationPoint, bytes32 dataEvaluationClaim) shnarfData, uint256 lastFinalizedTimestamp, uint256 finalTimestamp, bytes32 lastFinalizedL1RollingHash, bytes32 l1RollingHash, uint256 lastFinalizedL1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l2MerkleTreesDepth, bytes32[] l2MerkleRoots, bytes l2MessagingBlocksOffsets) _finalizationData)`
- functionCall: 2026-07-16 11:32 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x755bc62f; signature: `function finalizeBlocks(bytes _aggregatedProof, uint256 _proofType, tuple(bytes32 parentStateRootHash, uint256 endBlockNumber, tuple(bytes32 parentShnarf, bytes32 snarkHash, bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 dataEvaluationPoint, bytes32 dataEvaluationClaim) shnarfData, uint256 lastFinalizedTimestamp, uint256 finalTimestamp, bytes32 lastFinalizedL1RollingHash, bytes32 l1RollingHash, uint256 lastFinalizedL1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l2MerkleTreesDepth, uint256 lastFinalizedForcedTransactionNumber, uint256 finalForcedTransactionNumber, bytes32 lastFinalizedForcedTransactionRollingHash, bytes32[] l2MerkleRoots, address[] filteredAddresses, bytes l2MessagingBlocksOffsets) _finalizationData)`

## Data posted

This section shows how much data the project publishes to Ethereum over time. It leaves out data posted to other data-availability (DA) layers. The project currently posts data to [Ethereum](https://ethbeat.org/projects/ethereum).

The interactive data posted chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea#data-posted).

### Tracked transactions

#### Blob submissions

- DA layer Ethereum: from block 0 to now; currently used; inbox: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); sequencers: [0x46d2F319fd42165D4318F099E143dEA8124E9E3e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x46d2F319fd42165D4318F099E143dEA8124E9E3e), [0x52FF08F313A00A54e3Beffb5C4a7F7446eFb6754](https://etherscan.io/address/0x52FF08F313A00A54e3Beffb5C4a7F7446eFb6754)

## Liveness

This section shows how "live" the project's operators are by displaying how frequently they submit transactions of the selected type. It also highlights anomalies - significant deviations from their typical schedule.

No ongoing anomalies detected.

The interactive liveness chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea#liveness).

### Tracked transactions

#### Batch submissions

- functionCall: 2024-02-13 13:32 UTC - 2024-03-26 16:08 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x7a776315; signature: `function submitData((bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes32,bytes))`
- functionCall: 2024-03-26 10:36 UTC - 2024-06-05 11:51 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x2d3c12e5; signature: `function submitBlobData(tuple(bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes32),uint256,bytes,bytes)`
- functionCall: 2024-06-05 11:51 UTC - 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x42fbe842; signature: `function submitBlobs(((bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes32),uint256,bytes,bytes)[], bytes32, bytes32)`
- functionCall: 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x6854f6bc; signature: `function submitDataAsCalldata(tuple(bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 snarkHash, bytes compressedData) _submission, bytes32 _parentShnarf, bytes32 _expectedShnarf)`
- functionCall: 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x99467a35; signature: `function submitBlobs(tuple(uint256 dataEvaluationClaim, bytes kzgCommitment, bytes kzgProof, bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 snarkHash)[] _blobSubmissions, bytes32 _parentShnarf, bytes32 _finalBlobShnarf)`

#### State updates

- functionCall: 2023-07-12 11:05 UTC - 2024-02-13 13:32 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x4165d6dd; signature: `function finalizeBlocks((bytes32, uint32, bytes[], bytes32[], bytes, uint16[])[] _blocksData,bytes _proof,uint256 _proofType,bytes32 _parentStateRootHash)`
- functionCall: 2024-02-13 13:32 UTC - 2024-06-04 13:49 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0xd630280f; signature: `function finalizeCompressedBlocksWithProof(bytes,uint256,(bytes32,bytes32[],bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256,bytes32,uint256,bytes32[],uint256,bytes))`
- functionCall: 2024-06-04 13:49 UTC - 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0xabffac32; signature: `function finalizeBlocksWithProof(bytes,uint256,(bytes32,bytes32,uint256,(bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32),uint256,uint256,bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256,bytes32[],bytes))`
- functionCall: 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC - 2026-07-16 11:32 UTC; historical; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x5603c65f; signature: `function finalizeBlocks(bytes _aggregatedProof, uint256 _proofType, tuple(bytes32 parentStateRootHash, uint256 endBlockNumber, tuple(bytes32 parentShnarf, bytes32 snarkHash, bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 dataEvaluationPoint, bytes32 dataEvaluationClaim) shnarfData, uint256 lastFinalizedTimestamp, uint256 finalTimestamp, bytes32 lastFinalizedL1RollingHash, bytes32 l1RollingHash, uint256 lastFinalizedL1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l2MerkleTreesDepth, bytes32[] l2MerkleRoots, bytes l2MessagingBlocksOffsets) _finalizationData)`
- functionCall: 2026-07-16 11:32 UTC - now; currently used; address: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F); selector: 0x755bc62f; signature: `function finalizeBlocks(bytes _aggregatedProof, uint256 _proofType, tuple(bytes32 parentStateRootHash, uint256 endBlockNumber, tuple(bytes32 parentShnarf, bytes32 snarkHash, bytes32 finalStateRootHash, bytes32 dataEvaluationPoint, bytes32 dataEvaluationClaim) shnarfData, uint256 lastFinalizedTimestamp, uint256 finalTimestamp, bytes32 lastFinalizedL1RollingHash, bytes32 l1RollingHash, uint256 lastFinalizedL1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l1RollingHashMessageNumber, uint256 l2MerkleTreesDepth, uint256 lastFinalizedForcedTransactionNumber, uint256 finalForcedTransactionNumber, bytes32 lastFinalizedForcedTransactionRollingHash, bytes32[] l2MerkleRoots, address[] filteredAddresses, bytes l2MessagingBlocksOffsets) _finalizationData)`

### Last 30 day anomalies

All liveness anomalies detected for this project in the last 30 days, helping you review recent downtime and availability issues.

- No tx data submissions were performed for 1d 18h (from 2026-10-06 14:25 UTC until 2026-10-08 09:14 UTC). These typically occur every 21m 25s on average.
- No state updates were performed for 2d 20h (from 2026-10-05 12:34 UTC until 2026-10-08 09:13 UTC). These typically occur every 10m 3s on average.
- No tx data submissions were performed for 1d 1h (from 2026-10-05 12:34 UTC until 2026-10-06 14:08 UTC). These typically occur every 21m 25s on average.
- No state updates were performed for 2d 8h (from 2026-09-02 03:12 UTC until 2026-09-04 11:15 UTC). These typically occur every 10m 3s on average.
- No tx data submissions were performed for 2d 8h (from 2026-09-02 03:11 UTC until 2026-09-04 11:15 UTC). These typically occur every 21m 25s on average.

## Milestones & Incidents

- 2025-09-10 (incident): [Linea halts for 1 hour](https://x.com/DeclanFox14/status/1965677827488903320).
- 2024-06-09: [Proof system is complete](https://x.com/LineaBuild/status/1932172959587913816). The Linea proof system and verifier on ethereum covers 100% of the zkEVM.
- 2024-03-26: [Linea starts using blobs](https://twitter.com/LineaBuild/status/1772711269159567483). Linea starts publishing data to blobs.
- 2024-02-13: [Alpha v2 is released](https://docs.linea.build/build-on-linea/linea-version#alpha-v2-release-notes). This release reduces L1 costs and fees for users.
- 2023-07-12: [Mainnet Alpha Launch](https://linea.mirror.xyz/7l9gKzYzKVOxEOnReavov467Ss_fsrkGzABvbRISPMY). Linea has launched on the Ethereum mainnet.
- 2023-03-28: [Open Testnet is Live](https://linea.mirror.xyz/6G30hwV2wPs_wPv0VEgHYaIdghMkIQaad-OI_0br1hM). Linea has launched on the Goerli testnet, allowing users and developers to test the platform.

## Risk summary

### Funds can be stolen if

1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is a 0s delay on code upgrades.

### Funds can be frozen if

2. the sequencer refuses to include an exit transaction (CRITICAL),
3. the operator censors withdrawal transaction.

### Users can be censored if

4. the operator refuses to include their transactions.

### MEV can be extracted if

5. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

## Risk analysis

### Sequencer failure

No mechanism (sentiment: bad)

There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring. Eventually (after 6 months of no finalized blocks) the Operator role becomes public, theoretically allowing anyone to post data.

### State validation

Validity proofs (SN) (No execution delay; sentiment: good)

SNARKs are succinct zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.

### Data availability

Onchain (sentiment: good)

All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1. Unlike most ZK rollups, transaction data is posted instead of state diffs.

### Exit window

None (sentiment: bad)

There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.

### Proposer failure

Cannot withdraw (sentiment: bad)

Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen. Eventually (after 6 months of no finalized blocks) the Operator role becomes public, theoretically allowing anyone to propose state with valid proofs.

## Stage

Linea is a Stage 0 ZK Rollup.

### Stage 0

5 requirements met.

- Met: A complete and functional proof system is deployed.
- Met: The project calls itself a rollup.
- Met: State roots are posted to Ethereum L1.
- Met: Inputs for the state transition function are posted to Ethereum L1.
- Met: A source-available node exists that can recreate the state from Ethereum L1 data. Please note that the ETHBEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code. [View code](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-besu)

### Stage 1

5 issues need fixing.

**Principle**

- Issue: Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council should be the only way (other than bugs) for a rollup to indefinitely block an L2→L1 message (e.g. a withdrawal) or push an invalid L2→L1 message (e.g. an invalid withdrawal) with a <7d exit window.

**Guidelines**

- Met: The proof system meets the minimum trusted setup requirements defined in the ETHBEAT [trusted setup assessment framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-trusted-setups-framework-for-zk-catalog/381).
- Met: Prover source code is published.
- Issue: Users' withdrawals can be censored by the permissioned operators.
- Issue: Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring.
- Issue: Security Council members are not publicly known.
- Issue: Not all onchain verifiers' smart contracts can be independently regenerated from the verifier source code.

### Stage 2

2 issues need fixing.

- Issue: Upgrades unrelated to onchain provable bugs provide less than 30d to exit.
- Issue: The Security Council's actions are not confined to onchain provable bugs.

[Learn more about Stages](https://ethbeat.org/stages).

Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect project security, this is an opinionated assessment of project maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal.

## Data availability

### All data required for proofs is published on chain

All the data that is used to construct the system state is published on chain in the form of cheap blobs or calldata. This ensures that it will be available for enough time.

**References**

- [Eip4844BlobAcceptor.sol - Etherscan source code, submitBlobs() function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code)

Learn more about the DA layer here: [Ethereum](https://ethbeat.org/projects/ethereum)

## State derivation

### Node software

The node software ([Linea Besu](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-besu-package)) and a guide to reconstruct the state from L1 is available [here](https://docs.linea.build/network/overview/recoverable-state). Other node implementations like Nethermind, Geth or Erigon can sync too, but state derivation from L1 and Linea-specific features [are unsupported](https://docs.linea.build/get-started/how-to/run-a-node).

### Compression scheme

Linea uses a [bespoke lossless compression scheme](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-monorepo/blob/main/docs/architecture-description.md#blob-compressor) based on LZSS (deflate-like). It is available as a [dedicated library](https://github.com/Consensys/compress) and a [zk-decompression circuit](https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/tree/master/std/compress) in Gnark.

### Genesis state

Is available via the official Linea docs for Linea Besu (preloaded), [Besu](https://docs.linea.build/get-started/how-to/run-a-node/besu#step-2-download-the-genesis-file-and-besu-configuration-file), [Erigon](https://docs.linea.build/get-started/how-to/run-a-node/erigon#step-2-download-the-genesis-file), [Nethermind](https://docs.linea.build/get-started/how-to/run-a-node/nethermind), [Geth](https://docs.linea.build/get-started/how-to/run-a-node/geth#step-2-download-the-genesis-file).

### Data format

Linea groups L2 blocks [into batches](https://lineascan.build/batches) which are then posted to L1 for proving. Each batch (whether sent as a blob or compressed calldata) contains L2 blocks. Blocks in turn include the [transactions with unnecessary data stripped](https://community.linea.build/t/proposal-state-reconstruction-from-l1-blobs/8038#p-22077-block-data-sent-to-l1-in-the-compressed-blob-2). More info on [the compression, packing and blob structure](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-monorepo/blob/main/docs/architecture-description.md#blob-compressor).

## State validation

Each update to the system state must be accompanied by a ZK proof that ensures that the new state was derived by correctly applying a series of valid user transactions to the previous state. These proofs are then verified on Ethereum by a smart contract.

### Prover Architecture

The Linea prover code is [available on Github](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-monorepo/tree/main/prover). Linea splits proving into: **Corset** (Go + Lisp DSL) expands EVM execution traces and generates a bespoke constraint system for the zk-EVM. **gnark** (Go) ingests the expanded traces and constraint system, instantiates the circuits and produces the SNARK proof.

### ZK Circuits

The constraint system lives in the public [linea-constraints](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-constraints) repo and is authored in a Lisp-style DSL before being compiled to Go. Gnark then turns those constraints into PLONK-compatible circuits over **BN254**. Internally, Linea’s flow uses a recursive proof stack called [Vortex → Arcane → PLONK compression](https://docs.linea.build/technology/transaction-lifecycle#step-5-generating-a-zk-proof-using-transaction-data): Vortex/Arcane supply small inner proofs that are finally aggregated into a single PLONK proof that the L1 contract can verify.

### Verification Keys Generation

Linea uses a Plonk-based proof system which requires a trusted setup. The verification keys are hardcoded in the verifier contract on-chain.

### Validity proofs

Each update to the system state must be accompanied by a ZK proof that ensures that the new state was derived by correctly applying a series of valid user transactions to the previous state. These proofs are then verified on Ethereum by a smart contract.

**References**

- [LineaRollupBase.sol - Etherscan source code, finalizeBlocks() and _verifyProof() calls](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code#F38#L277)
- [PlonkVerifierMainnetFull.sol (Proof Type 0)](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAFF26999780901ee8B48f0a1271a177ff46fD53F)
- [PlonkVerifierMainnetFull.sol (Proof Type 1)](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d930e3Fac9fbc7026eC17962d2F57d558d37532)

### Prover: [Linea](https://ethbeat.org/zk-catalog/lineaprover)

#### Trusted setups

- Gnark (Plonk):
  - Aztec Ignition, risk green (lowest risk) per the [Trusted Setups Risk Framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-trusted-setups-framework-for-zk-catalog/381): Aztec Ignition is a trusted setup ceremony that was run by Aztec for KZG commitment over BN254 curve in 2019. It included 176 participants and was publicly open for participation.
  - Aleo stage I trusted setup, risk yellow (medium risk) per the [Trusted Setups Risk Framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-trusted-setups-framework-for-zk-catalog/381): Trusted setup for KZG commitments over BLS12-377 curve, initially run as Aleo's Stage I setup. Ceremony has 106 participants and was publicly open for participation.
  - Celo Plumo, risk yellow (medium risk) per the [Trusted Setups Risk Framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-trusted-setups-framework-for-zk-catalog/381): Trusted setup for KZG commitments over BW6-761 curve, initially run for Celo Plumo. Ceremony has 55 participants and was publicly open for participation.
  - Onchain verifiers: [PlonkVerifierFull](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAFF26999780901ee8B48f0a1271a177ff46fD53F#code) (1 successful), [PlonkVerifierFull](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d930e3Fac9fbc7026eC17962d2F57d558d37532#code) (1 successful)
  - Used in: [Linea](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea)
  - Verifiers: 2 successful

## Upgrades & Governance

### Past upgrades

The metrics include upgrades on the currently used proxy contracts. Historical proxy contracts and changes of such are not included.

- Count of upgrades: 28
- Last upgrade: 2mo 4d ago
- Avg upgrade interval: 7mo 1d

- 2026-09-01 09:07 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x0e551aff381b8c6c4c73eafddb326906ac0d3599295444324cee8b988aaa6a6a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x0e551aff381b8c6c4c73eafddb326906ac0d3599295444324cee8b988aaa6a6a), implementations: [0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530/eth:0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645))
- 2026-07-16 11:32 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x4bcfe7ea1724555288f7cf4d7a0de608182483a41d670e3027b89c3e989240c9](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x4bcfe7ea1724555288f7cf4d7a0de608182483a41d670e3027b89c3e989240c9), implementations: [0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530](https://etherscan.io/address/0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332/eth:0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530))
- 2026-03-31 15:28 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01), implementations: [0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b](https://lineascan.build/address/0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137/linea:0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b))
- 2026-03-31 15:28 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01), implementations: [0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d](https://lineascan.build/address/0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd/linea:0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d))
- 2026-03-31 15:26 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b), implementations: [0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631/eth:0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332))
- 2026-03-31 15:26 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b), implementations: [0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34/eth:0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff))
- 2026-03-01 14:25 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0xac24732952f9eea514ba28030218267575bb42dd5f713dab7c29f3d330086d8f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xac24732952f9eea514ba28030218267575bb42dd5f713dab7c29f3d330086d8f), implementations: [0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631](https://etherscan.io/address/0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0/eth:0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631))
- 2026-02-10 16:55 UTC, deployment of [YieldManager](https://etherscan.io/address/0xeb63cABDd78537b9b72A2AFB573F7caa91bd8D94#code): transaction [0x69fb4be68a461b7953579236e33e62f1463ebf0e02e397221a35c16dadecd77a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x69fb4be68a461b7953579236e33e62f1463ebf0e02e397221a35c16dadecd77a), implementations: [0x751236A1aFC11B7F1A7630fe87b0Bd96AC5203C4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x751236A1aFC11B7F1A7630fe87b0Bd96AC5203C4#code)
- 2025-03-16 19:57 UTC, upgrade of [L1USDCBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce#code): transaction [0xd61b29009aa7f628ff1b04138e30ebd39805e40a2e3e4a3e43050fd8b0f75548](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd61b29009aa7f628ff1b04138e30ebd39805e40a2e3e4a3e43050fd8b0f75548), implementations: [0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00](https://etherscan.io/address/0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36/eth:0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00))
- 2025-03-15 14:03 UTC, upgrade of [L2USDCBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A#code): transaction [0xdf59afa26b1f9768cf98f2f59a55a175faa5e911501d2043e6564340d0841140](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xdf59afa26b1f9768cf98f2f59a55a175faa5e911501d2043e6564340d0841140), implementations: [0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521](https://lineascan.build/address/0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c/linea:0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521))
- 2024-12-16 14:06 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7), implementations: [0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137](https://lineascan.build/address/0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E/linea:0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137))
- 2024-12-16 14:06 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7), implementations: [0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd](https://lineascan.build/address/0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D/linea:0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd))
- 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d), implementations: [0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A/eth:0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0))
- 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d), implementations: [0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2/eth:0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34))
- 2024-10-29 15:35 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x0970f422c80627f28916f9c5583ff6298070893debd191ead0cf39778e4bae14](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x0970f422c80627f28916f9c5583ff6298070893debd191ead0cf39778e4bae14), implementations: [0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562/eth:0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A))
- 2024-06-05 11:55 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0x679e1f421ff3d583b75adc32bda76d9408688e9fd6897bc499baaee547711f13](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x679e1f421ff3d583b75adc32bda76d9408688e9fd6897bc499baaee547711f13), implementations: [0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E](https://lineascan.build/address/0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x2bfdf4a0d54C93a4bAF74F8DcEA8a275D8EE97a9/linea:0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E))
- 2024-06-05 11:49 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6), implementations: [0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562](https://etherscan.io/address/0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179/eth:0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562))
- 2024-06-05 11:49 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6), implementations: [0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x6ccfD65b0b14F67259C77Ca6267104e058dDB292/eth:0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2))
- 2024-03-26 10:36 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xb50f4883ceaaecaa5c3864e17e0cedcdfbf13a8d49e2e318dbde814d7dbe1459](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xb50f4883ceaaecaa5c3864e17e0cedcdfbf13a8d49e2e318dbde814d7dbe1459), implementations: [0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D](https://lineascan.build/address/0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af/linea:0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D))
- 2024-03-26 10:29 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x565c77e109aac4df41d81457bdfbdd17782d8bca9a1330c68a271c64f35d05e5](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x565c77e109aac4df41d81457bdfbdd17782d8bca9a1330c68a271c64f35d05e5), implementations: [0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179](https://etherscan.io/address/0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457/eth:0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179))
- 2024-02-13 08:39 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0xb4ed5b2646e45744945a4fc51da0e5e687ffe26f570b7aa3abb7b1fd4a460ea4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb4ed5b2646e45744945a4fc51da0e5e687ffe26f570b7aa3abb7b1fd4a460ea4), implementations: [0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3/eth:0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457))
- 2024-02-13 08:35 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xcc8a117438895921a7768cef24fd55a179538956fe8e3dfdbf44181ae2eb4151](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xcc8a117438895921a7768cef24fd55a179538956fe8e3dfdbf44181ae2eb4151), implementations: [0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af](https://lineascan.build/address/0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d/linea:0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af))
- 2023-09-01 20:28 UTC, upgrade of [L2USDCBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A#code): transaction [0xdcd89930e7456d8d80313aa109e5ab95d2455354e39e56d1ae0432f2579339d0](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xdcd89930e7456d8d80313aa109e5ab95d2455354e39e56d1ae0432f2579339d0), implementations: [0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c](https://lineascan.build/address/0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x71E4dB49008C7D7648597E8D24A8E2fD1D220B81/linea:0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c))
- 2023-09-01 20:25 UTC, upgrade of [L1USDCBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce#code): transaction [0xe752ce539119fc11af6239e8b26a79d80c9e84cec19ac6aca060f466853f5b7d](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe752ce539119fc11af6239e8b26a79d80c9e84cec19ac6aca060f466853f5b7d), implementations: [0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x16Db542C30fB3519D11CF8F632077c62c1a944fd/eth:0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36))
- 2023-08-08 16:58 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0xdff29a7f65b6bec4e8288673a5ca55e12081b4d55879e600817484f28c5a80b1](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xdff29a7f65b6bec4e8288673a5ca55e12081b4d55879e600817484f28c5a80b1), implementations: [0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3/eth:0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3))
- 2023-08-03 18:15 UTC, deployment of [L2USDCBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A#code): transaction [0xb50a7330132542dc795312528f39e57822236eb7d35cfcaf2616e091c378705e](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xb50a7330132542dc795312528f39e57822236eb7d35cfcaf2616e091c378705e), implementations: [0x71E4dB49008C7D7648597E8D24A8E2fD1D220B81](https://lineascan.build/address/0x71E4dB49008C7D7648597E8D24A8E2fD1D220B81#code)
- 2023-08-03 18:11 UTC, deployment of [L1USDCBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce#code): transaction [0xa93648a8d01d65bea363bc2f6e19897e42f9af999370c07cb2a0ea6a5401b6b0](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa93648a8d01d65bea363bc2f6e19897e42f9af999370c07cb2a0ea6a5401b6b0), implementations: [0x16Db542C30fB3519D11CF8F632077c62c1a944fd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x16Db542C30fB3519D11CF8F632077c62c1a944fd#code)
- 2023-08-03 13:11 UTC, deployment of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0x74e2ded3ed8dd2fd39692b053ede573c6d8205a2dcdb29a201d6320006f81404](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x74e2ded3ed8dd2fd39692b053ede573c6d8205a2dcdb29a201d6320006f81404), implementations: [0x2bfdf4a0d54C93a4bAF74F8DcEA8a275D8EE97a9](https://lineascan.build/address/0x2bfdf4a0d54C93a4bAF74F8DcEA8a275D8EE97a9#code)
- 2023-08-03 13:04 UTC, deployment of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0xbc08c4596eeee0a2e2527f03c0f2e85ec9e76e062b5f86eb435a67bca8f21122](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbc08c4596eeee0a2e2527f03c0f2e85ec9e76e062b5f86eb435a67bca8f21122), implementations: [0x6ccfD65b0b14F67259C77Ca6267104e058dDB292](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6ccfD65b0b14F67259C77Ca6267104e058dDB292#code)
- 2023-07-15 13:41 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0x58e2af8033120299d32c2c561cb236a386565e981a14626d1b96a7d592564b66](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x58e2af8033120299d32c2c561cb236a386565e981a14626d1b96a7d592564b66), implementations: [0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d](https://lineascan.build/address/0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c/linea:0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d))
- 2023-07-15 13:31 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x628efc29f5b2267f23cf613720003fafe671ee47db60b4f6610f5ae1ab838555](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x628efc29f5b2267f23cf613720003fafe671ee47db60b4f6610f5ae1ab838555), implementations: [0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706/eth:0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3))
- 2023-07-12 14:48 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0x0c07ca13444501284e8935d6cc93cde21ab6a45c6d442aae2681fe01e4106b8d](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x0c07ca13444501284e8935d6cc93cde21ab6a45c6d442aae2681fe01e4106b8d), implementations: [0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c](https://lineascan.build/address/0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x369DB650D875938252682532eA9E4Af267a7d126/linea:0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c))
- 2023-07-12 12:57 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x8ee4253600d68665e8d52a522d8ba7136639187b87f8079b881de9e6d1f20d2a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x8ee4253600d68665e8d52a522d8ba7136639187b87f8079b881de9e6d1f20d2a), implementations: [0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706/eth:0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706))
- 2023-07-12 11:05 UTC, deployment of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x3564f15a274bdc49a6ad8af161113d20a678d87efbd3d708540a9b4d026f1122](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3564f15a274bdc49a6ad8af161113d20a678d87efbd3d708540a9b4d026f1122), implementations: [0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706#code)
- 2023-07-06 13:37 UTC, deployment of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xed74f383b9adf7473d3acd918f80cfdd9e971e861e08c82da880b0b6c3e7d5da](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xed74f383b9adf7473d3acd918f80cfdd9e971e861e08c82da880b0b6c3e7d5da), implementations: [0x369DB650D875938252682532eA9E4Af267a7d126](https://lineascan.build/address/0x369DB650D875938252682532eA9E4Af267a7d126#code)

## Ossification & Updates

Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs.

### [2026-10-23 10:30 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=39ccf741) (4 changes)

Rotated two members on two msigs.

### [2026-10-13 13:14 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=26ef3899) (1 change)

ETH withdrawal reserve was topped-up, so withdrawal reserve is above minimum again.

### [2026-10-08 10:23 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=4cedd31d) (high severity, 4 changes)

Upgraded Linea type 1 verifier, it is not yet reproduced from the sources.

Also, because of ETH withdrawals from Linea, withdraw reserves are below the limits. Staking stops and anyone can unstake some Lido-staked positions.

### [2026-09-04 14:03 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=e20553c4) (high severity, 4 changes)

ETH withdrawal reserve was topped-up, so withdrawal reserve is above minimum again.

Also, verifier 0 was upgraded. It is not yet reproduced from the sources.

### [2026-09-03 11:32 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=b97d39d5) (high severity, 1 change)

Withdrawal reserve (LineaRollup ETH balance) fell below the 17,500 ETH minimum after a bridge-relayer EOA claimed ~5,087 ETH in three L2->L1 messages on Sep 2, one day after 23,408 ETH was staked into the Lido vault down to the exact 20,000 ETH target. The operator paused staking and requested 5,091 ETH of partial validator withdrawals (EIP-7002) the same hour; the ETH is pending on the beacon chain and will be routed back to the rollup. While the flag is true, no new ETH can be staked and reserve replenishment / unstaking are permissionless.

### [2026-09-01 12:16 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=97d70ccc) (high severity, 8 changes)

Single line change (replace msg.sender) in the rollup: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530/eth:0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645

min and target Reserve percentage ~halved in the yield manager.

### [2026-07-17 08:50 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=05cf3683) (high severity, 22 changes)

Upgraded Linea rollup contract to v8.0, diff: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332/eth:0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530.

The upgrade sets the stage for forced L1 transactions, however they are not live yet. `FORCED_TRANSACTION_SENDER_ROLE` can send a forced transaction, which defines L2 block number deadline by which the trx must be included, otherwise the rollup operation stops. `SET_ADDRESS_FILTER_ROLE` can set address filterer, addresses on this list are not allowed to force include trxs on L1 (OFAC compliance is cited). `FORCED_TRANSACTION_SENDER_ROLE` is not held by anyone yet, preventing from using forced transactions.

More precise code changes:
- Forced trxs could now be added to the state of the rollup (`nextForcedTransactionNumber`, `forcedTransactionL2BlockNumbers`, `forcedTransactionRollingHashes`).
- `storeForcedTransaction` adds a forced trx to the state, it could be called only by `FORCED_TRANSACTION_SENDER_ROLE`. It doesn't check whether the forced trx fee was paid, whether the `_blockNumberDeadline` is sufficiently in future or whether the sender address is not filtered. Probably these checks will be done in another contract with `FORCED_TRANSACTION_SENDER_ROLE` permissions.
- In `_finalizeBlocks`, several checks are added, including whether all addresses filtered by the sequencer are registered in the filter, whether no forced trx has expired.

Also, removed L2Roles Linea ms module on L2.

Also, upgraded Linea verifier, not reproduced yet.

### [2026-05-04 10:44 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=45d15938) (high severity, 17 changes)

Upgraded Linea SC to Safe v1.4.1: https://github.com/safe-fndn/safe-smart-account/blob/release/v1.4.1/contracts/Safe.sol, upgraded Linea Multisig 3 to SafeL2 v1.4.1: https://github.com/safe-fndn/safe-smart-account/blob/release/v1.4.1/contracts/SafeL2.sol.

Adjusted `targetWithdrawalReservePercentageBps` yield parameter, reduced the total amount of ether that can leave L2MessageService on Linea L2 per day.

### [2026-04-22 11:30 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=a3b27464) (5 changes)

Prover upgraded to the new version. I have regenerated it from the sources.

### [2026-04-20 11:14 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=1e00a7f6) (high severity, 3 changes)

Added Lido yield provider for Linea native yield. Currently there is total of 1 ETH (exactly) deployed via Lido Yield Provider, the contracts are fully ready for wider usage of the yield feature.

### [2026-04-07 11:26 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=85c95a19) (3 changes)

Updated Type 1 verifier to a new version. Chain config is the same as the previous verifier.

### [2026-04-01 09:58 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=4f07d08b) (high severity, 166 changes)

Upgraded Rollup contract: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631/eth:0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332. Changes:

- SC can pause indefinitely now, other entities for 48 hours with a 48 hour cooldown afterwards.
- Refactored Fallback Operator to Liveness Recovery Operator address that gets OPERATOR_ROLE after 6 months of non-finalization.
- Refactored querying shnarf (blob commitment) existence into a separate interface.
- Added chain configuration to verifier smart contract.
- Refactored transient storage and calling keccak.

Also upgraded TokenBridge contract (on L1 and L2): https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34/eth:0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff and L2MessageService on L2 (https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd/linea:0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d) They have similar changes:

- SC can pause indefinitely now, other entities for 48 hours with a 48 hour cooldown afterwards.
- Refactored transient storage and calling keccak.

### [2026-03-25 10:33 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=440c8e93) (4 changes)

Updated the verifier (disabled old, added new).

### [2026-03-23 09:20 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=cfe482dd) (4 changes)

Updated the verifier (disabled old, added new).

### [2026-03-06 08:40 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=ac139302) (2 changes)

Rotated L1 to L2 message settler (role on Linea L2).

### [2026-03-03 10:29 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=a0fe459a) (high severity, 32 changes)

Upgraded LineaRollup contract to version 7 to add native ETH yield.

Permissioned entities can now move ETH from the rollup contract into yield providers via YieldManager. Accrued interest is paid to users on L2. YieldManager sets minimal and target reserve values. If ETH reserves are below the minimal value, users can permissionlessly replenish the reserve up to target by unstaking.

Diff for LineaRollup: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0/eth:0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631.

Also, removed Safe Zodiac roles on L1.

### [2025-12-09 10:32 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=5d2181e9) (4 changes)

Removed Type0 verifier, added new Type4 verifier.

### [2025-12-02 09:30 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=8f408813) (6 changes)

Removed one unused verifier (Type 1), changed other verifier (Type 4 -> Type 3).

### [2025-10-28 16:16 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=44e54575) (1 change)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-10-28 16:16 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=2b932220) (8 changes)

Presumably [Beta 4.1 upgrade](https://docs.linea.build/release-notes#beta-v41):

Updated Linea verifiers for different forks, see details here: https://docs.linea.build/security-council-record.

### [2025-09-23 10:44 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=b62380e0) (6 changes)

Increased daily limits on moving Ether between L1 and L2. Also added a new multisig address.

### [2025-09-19 08:22 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=2e900654) (4 changes)

Added new member to Linea Multisig 1, rotated another member and incremented threshold.

### [2025-08-26 13:19 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=3f888fe0) (12 changes)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-08-26 13:19 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=5361d109) (4 changes)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-08-25 11:44 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=94da819f) (4 changes)

Removed type 4 verifier and added a new type 1 verifier, which is now used.

### [2025-07-28 07:11 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=f27ee479) (7 changes)

Linea Multisig 2: one member changed and delay module added.

### [2025-07-14 12:45 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=094e5d3b) (12 changes)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-06-10 08:47 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=6b70b41a) (19 changes)

the incomplete plonkverifier `0xBfF4a03A355eEF7dA720bBC7878F9BdBBE81fe6F` is removed.

new proposer Multisig for the main timelock added.

06/10: new validator added: 0xED with new keys. (via telegram this is the 100% complete verifier, waiting for the `0x41` vali to be removed)

context from telegram:

> - Alpha verifiers: were removed on Monday
> - Beta v1.4 verifier (99% prover completeness): were activated a few weeks back and should be removed next week [this week]
> - Beta v2.0 verifier (100% prover completeness): will be activated on Thursday and removed early next week [this week], once the upgrade is successful on Monday.

linea confirms their backend is fully upgraded to and using the 0xED verifier and the old 99% verifier will be removed this week.

### [2025-05-05 04:35 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=f6ae248d) (3 changes)

Linea beta v1.4 upgrade: State Reconstruction! (added state derivation section.)

New verifier: PlonkVerifierMainnetFull name suggests completeness but this will only be shipped [with Beta v2 in May](https://docs.linea.build/release-notes).

### [2025-03-18 10:53 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=45f949db) (high severity, 8 changes)

Linea USDC bridge paused [in preparation for the USDC bridged->native migration](https://www.circle.com/blog/linea-to-become-the-first-bridged-usdc-standard-blockchain-to-upgrade-to-native-usdc).

### [2024-12-19 06:41 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=0ed361e7) (high severity, 70 changes)

Linea upgrades to [alpha v4](https://docs.linea.build/release-notes#alpha-v4)!

This upgrade adds new roles, deprecates `finalizeBlocksWithoutProof` and adds self-proposing/-proving if there weren't any finalized batches by the operator in the previous 6 months, among smaller changes.

### [2024-10-30 14:01 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=04f8a062) (high severity, 4 changes)

Minor (2 lines) upgrade to the assembly part of `_computePublicInput()`.

The old discovery value depending on `BlockFinalized` is removed as it was empty and the event was deprecated in the contracts some time ago.

### [2024-10-19 06:28 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=01beeea9) (2 changes)

The two operator addresses are changed, which will be reflected in the permissions section.
Context: Team also helpfully notified us in advance on telegram.

### [2024-10-10 09:15 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=d7f534e8) (1 change)

Signer swapped in AdminMultisig.

### [2024-07-26 08:56 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=b0a6b80c) (2 changes)

An unused verifier is removed from the registry.

### [2024-07-19 12:26 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=0f15f1fd) (2 changes)

A new verifier is added for proofType 3 with almost no code diff to the old one (4 constants), probably related to [this PR](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-contracts/pull/20). Already [used in prod](https://app.blocksec.com/explorer/tx/eth/0x0f5c3d308947356409e0f048db7c8f4d5414840be0281c5368147fb6c8b758ab).

### [2024-06-05 13:36 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=dd450d90) (high severity, 9 changes)

This [upgrade](https://docs.linea.build/developers/linea-version#alpha-v32) is mainly about gas optimizations and does not change functionality. The bridge upgrade is minor, apart from it now being upgradeable by the timelock.

#### LineaRollup.sol

- TransientStorageHelpers library added (for tstore'ing values)
- unsetVerifierAddress() function added to unset the verifier contract for a proof type
- Computation of finalized state and public input is now done using assembly

### [2024-03-26 16:10 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=0546d3e6) (high severity, 7 changes)

This is an implementation upgrade that adds the ability to use blobs for data submission and deprecates the ability to finalize uncompressed blocks among smaller changes.

#### LineaRollup

Main addition here is the submitBlobData() function and its dependencies related to kzg commitment / point evaluation.
Compressed blocks can still be finalized without proof.

#### ZkEvmV2

The function for finalizing uncompressed blocks has been removed.

#### PlonkVerifierForDataAggregation updated

The new verifier is the same as 0xfB0C26A89833762b65098dD66b6Ae04b34D153be but with 4 changed constants: VK_QL_COM_X, VK_QL_COM_Y, VK_QK_COM_X, VK_QK_COM_Y.
The old one was removed from the zkEVM contract. (proof type 0)

#### Removed libraries

TransactionDecoder, Rlp and codec libraries have been removed due to being related to raw transaction decoding when finalizing uncompressed blocks.

### [2024-02-27 14:09 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=75facd10) (4 changes)

Deleted two verifiers at `proofType = [6, 7]`. Both of them are identical and
only differ in the initial setup parameters.

### [2024-02-14 13:10 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=d37a911c) (high severity, 18 changes)

Major upgrade. Mainly related to reducing fees with compression and aggregated proofs.

#### ZkEvmV2

It's now inherited by the LineaRollup contract. The `setVerifierAddress` function has been moved to LineaRollup. The pause system has been tweaked but it's equivalent.
It's still possible to finalize blocks without proofs.

#### LineaRollup

A VERIFIER_SETTER_ROLE is introduced that can call the `setVerifierAddress` function. Data and proof submission are now two separate steps.
Compressed data is posted using the `submitData` function and proofs are submitted with the `finalizeCompressedBlocksWithProofs` or `finalizeCompressedBlocksWithoutProof`.

#### L1MessageManager

Inherited by LineaRollup. It has been renamed to L1MessageManagerV1 without big changes and it's now inherited by the new L1MessageManager. It mainly contains helper functions.

#### L1MessageService

Inherited by LineaRollup. It has been renamed to L1MessageServiceV1 without big changes and it's now inherited by the new L1MessageService. It mainly contains helper functions.

Claiming messages now requires a Merkle proof. Previously, individual hashes for each message were saved but now they are aggregated.

### [2024-01-15 14:53 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=a507d730) (2 changes)

New role has been configured (`1`).
One and only member has been assigned (`0x453B3A4b4d64B4E6f472A306c3D4Fc318C34bbA8`).

Assigned member can now invoke:

- `pauseByType(bytes32)` on ZkEVM/MessageService (`0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F`)
- `pause()` on ERC20Bridge (`0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319`)
- `pause()` on USDCBridge (`0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce`)

### [2023-11-23 15:07 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=3376a51f) (4 changes)

Added a new module to the AdminMultisig called Roles. The owner of this module
(the AdminMultisig itself) can grant or remove access to given targets (whole
contracts) or just a certain function in a given contract per role. The module
checks if the message sender has a given role and checks if the role is allowed
to execute a given operation. This whole module seems like it solves the same
issue as AccessControl but with more granularity just like the extended
AccessControl in Scroll.

### [2023-10-16 07:14 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea?update=d18fed4f) (14 changes)

Unused verifier contracts are set to 0x111. The reason is that every position in the array corresponds to a proof type, therefore when a new proof type is introduced, a new verifier is added, and when a proof type is removed, the corresponding verifier is set to 0x111. My guess on why it is set to 0x111 and not 0x0 is that it allows to throw a different error in the verifier contract (deprecated proof), which is more informative than the error thrown when the verifier is not found (out of bounds).

## Operator

### The system has a centralized sequencer

Only a trusted sequencer is allowed to submit transaction batches. A mechanism for users to submit their own batches is currently disabled.

**Risks**

- MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.
- Funds can be frozen if the sequencer refuses to include an exit transaction (CRITICAL).

**References**

- [Eip4844BlobAcceptor.sol - Etherscan source code, onlyRole(OPERATOR_ROLE) modifier](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code)

### Users can't force any transaction

There is no general mechanism to force the sequencer to include the transaction.

**Risks**

- Users can be censored if the operator refuses to include their transactions.

## Withdrawals

### Regular messaging

The user initiates L2->L1 messages by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled, the message becomes available for processing on L1. ZK proofs are required to settle blocks. Note that withdrawal requests can be censored by the Sequencer. Currently, there is a general limit of 10000.0 ETH that can be withdrawn within each 1d time window. Users can (eventually, after 6 months of inactivity from the centralized Operator) exit by replacing the Operator. In such a case they need to self-propose and prove their new state on the base layer with the required software which is currently not made available.

**Risks**

- Funds can be frozen if the operator censors withdrawal transaction.

**References**

- [L1MessageService.sol - Etherscan source code, claimMessageWithProof() function](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code#F21#L92)
- [LivenessRecovery.sol - Etherscan source code, setLivenessRecoveryOperator() function ](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code#F36#L41)

## Permissions

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/linea

### Ethereum

#### Actors

##### CallForwardingProxy

Addresses: [0x3697bD0bC6C050135b8321F989a5316eACbF367D](https://etherscan.io/address/0x3697bD0bC6C050135b8321F989a5316eACbF367D)

A public proxy contract forwarding calls to a predefined target contract (LineaRollup). Can be called by any address.
- Can interact with LineaRollup
  - submit and finalize blocks as the Operator role when 6 months of no finalizations have passed

##### Linea Security Council

Addresses: [0x892bb7EeD71efB060ab90140e7825d8127991DD3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x892bb7EeD71efB060ab90140e7825d8127991DD3)

A Multisig with 5/9 threshold.
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - TokenBridge [via: Timelock → ProxyAdmin]
  - L1USDCBridge [via: ProxyAdmin]
  - LineaRollup [via: Timelock → ProxyAdmin]
  - YieldManager [via: Timelock → ProxyAdmin]
- Can interact with TokenBridge
  - can pause the bridge
  - can pause token bridging actions initiated from the other layer
  - can pause token bridging actions initiated from this layer
  - can prevent tokens that have not been bridged already from being bridged by assigning them a reserved status **with 3mo delay or with no delay** [via: Delay with 3mo delay → Linea Multisig 2 - or - acting directly]
  - can remove the reserved status from a token, meaning that it is allowed to be bridged again **with 3mo delay or with no delay** [via: Delay with 3mo delay → Linea Multisig 2 - or - acting directly]
  - can set custom ERC20 contracts for specific ERC20s **with 3mo delay or with no delay** [via: Delay with 3mo delay → Linea Multisig 2 - or - acting directly]
  - can set the contract used as the source of truth from crosschain messages
  - can unpause token bridging actions initiated from the other layer
  - can unpause token bridging actions initiated from this layer
  - manage all critical access control roles and permissions (full admin of the main bridge escrow)
- Can interact with Delay
  - enable/disable the module, set delays and expiration of transactions, set the target **with 3mo delay** [via: Delay with 3mo delay → Linea Multisig 2]
- Can interact with UpgradeableBeacon
  - change the beacon implementation
- Can interact with LineaRollup
  - manage all critical access control roles and permissions (full admin of the rollup system)
  - pause the rollup for 2d, followed by 2d cooldown, during which the rollup cannot be paused, except by the Security Council
  - pause the rollup indefinitely
  - send ETH from the rollup bridge to the YieldManager
  - set the address of the yield manager contract that receives ETH from rollup bridge
- Can interact with Timelock
  - cancel queued transactions
  - execute transactions that are ready
  - manage all access control roles and change the minimum delay [via: Timelock]
  - propose transactions **with 3mo delay or with no delay** [via: Delay with 3mo delay → Linea Multisig 2 - or - acting directly]
- Can interact with YieldManager
  - manage native yield staking: modify reserve parameters, set yield pools, set yield receiver addresses
  - operate native yield staking: stake and unstake, collect yield, pause and unpause, ossify yield managers

Participants (9): [0x1f0cdfb6aa74293E06f3A6D3B7958b6d36563c4f](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1f0cdfb6aa74293E06f3A6D3B7958b6d36563c4f), [0xD6481cC92eD746EbC679788654723Ce49D45EbeA](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/linea#Safe) (Safe), [0xD30373335C6d71499EE6CDcF832b5BcB731BAe8d](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD30373335C6d71499EE6CDcF832b5BcB731BAe8d), [0x535dE1e2A961529AA84EF208981f8cF4e7dcbdF5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x535dE1e2A961529AA84EF208981f8cF4e7dcbdF5), [0xC263178AC471C4411abAf5c22cD4D8D67033bc82](https://etherscan.io/address/0xC263178AC471C4411abAf5c22cD4D8D67033bc82), [0x9376c137AF5124FFc39bD8940A3D88D1cd508992](https://etherscan.io/address/0x9376c137AF5124FFc39bD8940A3D88D1cd508992), [0x4CB4da1D1C198E506031C0Aa8480BA8b57C0fAD4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4CB4da1D1C198E506031C0Aa8480BA8b57C0fAD4), [0x0F4df4939a6B126a088A40B4Bbf9F30337ACBFE4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0F4df4939a6B126a088A40B4Bbf9F30337ACBFE4), [0xB4dAebe4D01f467701F95f0196fc29033c54dBcb](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB4dAebe4D01f467701F95f0196fc29033c54dBcb)

##### Linea Multisig 2

Addresses: [0xB8F5524D73f549Cf14A0587a3C7810723f9c0051](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB8F5524D73f549Cf14A0587a3C7810723f9c0051)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold. It uses the following modules: Delay (A simple Safe module for that can queue and execute transactions as Linea Multisig 2 after a delay of currently 3mo, if registered as a module there).
- Can interact with TokenBridge
  - can prevent tokens that have not been bridged already from being bridged by assigning them a reserved status
  - can remove the reserved status from a token, meaning that it is allowed to be bridged again
  - can set custom ERC20 contracts for specific ERC20s
- Can interact with Delay
  - enable/disable the module, set delays and expiration of transactions, set the target
- Can interact with Timelock
  - propose transactions

Participants (5): [0x741aAf7dB0f4960Be696CF1727b970F2FA39028c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x741aAf7dB0f4960Be696CF1727b970F2FA39028c), [0x727833aB68F32a7f2ab96f15aD67336660eCBBD0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x727833aB68F32a7f2ab96f15aD67336660eCBBD0), [0x7E55b79A01BD9125CD213Bc9F533d21Eb3bD68c5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x7E55b79A01BD9125CD213Bc9F533d21Eb3bD68c5), [0xb275d362C8c1A226eb538FC2349ed9FA00C83AF8](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb275d362C8c1A226eb538FC2349ed9FA00C83AF8), [0x0645A95411C3431BB2fc58Fa61BC837FFA2e12F2](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0645A95411C3431BB2fc58Fa61BC837FFA2e12F2)

##### Safe

Addresses: [0xD6481cC92eD746EbC679788654723Ce49D45EbeA](https://etherscan.io/address/0xD6481cC92eD746EbC679788654723Ce49D45EbeA)

A Multisig with 1/4 threshold.
Member of Linea Security Council.

Participants (4): [0xBEA0056b6d445B8c203428c51664f60B0FE42c77](https://etherscan.io/address/0xBEA0056b6d445B8c203428c51664f60B0FE42c77), [0xaa8fCd4955e46C0f6A58f84c5c969660b49e4CF2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xaa8fCd4955e46C0f6A58f84c5c969660b49e4CF2), [0xd7dE9aDf57C6817C90FF91D49fF1Ab7c2549a1eA](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd7dE9aDf57C6817C90FF91D49fF1Ab7c2549a1eA), [0xb6Ff69ac218C0a399e22660214273DB1A2cE140b](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb6Ff69ac218C0a399e22660214273DB1A2cE140b)

##### EOA 1

Addresses: [0x2532bfdc9Ba58B13358A9C5C05136d6938Bc42d0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2532bfdc9Ba58B13358A9C5C05136d6938Bc42d0)

- Can interact with TokenBridge
  - can pause the bridge
- Can interact with LineaRollup
  - pause the rollup for 2d, followed by 2d cooldown, during which the rollup cannot be paused, except by the Security Council

##### 2 EOAs

Addresses: [0x46d2F319fd42165D4318F099E143dEA8124E9E3e](https://etherscan.io/address/0x46d2F319fd42165D4318F099E143dEA8124E9E3e) (EOA 2), [0x52FF08F313A00A54e3Beffb5C4a7F7446eFb6754](https://etherscan.io/address/0x52FF08F313A00A54e3Beffb5C4a7F7446eFb6754) (EOA 3)

- Can interact with LineaRollup
  - Allowed to prove blocks and post the corresponding transaction data

##### EOA 4

Addresses: [0x89F1668D215Bb5839A0A7a1A4619b1541258388c](https://etherscan.io/address/0x89F1668D215Bb5839A0A7a1A4619b1541258388c)

- Can interact with AddressFilter
  - add and remove addresses to the filter list. Addresses in this list can not send forced transactions from L1

##### EOA 5

Addresses: [0xcEE1f08Bcae342E950e88c209F7e6327ABB6d448](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcEE1f08Bcae342E950e88c209F7e6327ABB6d448)

- Can interact with LineaRollup
  - send ETH from the rollup bridge to the YieldManager
- Can interact with YieldManager
  - operate native yield staking: stake and unstake, collect yield, pause and unpause, ossify yield managers

### Linea

#### Actors

##### Linea Multisig 4

Addresses: [0xB8F5524D73f549Cf14A0587a3C7810723f9c0051](https://lineascan.build/address/0xB8F5524D73f549Cf14A0587a3C7810723f9c0051)

A Multisig with 3/5 threshold.
- Can interact with TokenBridge
  - can prevent tokens that have not been bridged already from being bridged by assigning them a reserved status
  - can remove the reserved status from a token, meaning that it is allowed to be bridged again
  - can set custom ERC20 contracts for specific ERC20s
- Can interact with L2Timelock
  - propose transactions

Participants (5): [0x741aAf7dB0f4960Be696CF1727b970F2FA39028c](https://lineascan.build/address/0x741aAf7dB0f4960Be696CF1727b970F2FA39028c), [0x727833aB68F32a7f2ab96f15aD67336660eCBBD0](https://lineascan.build/address/0x727833aB68F32a7f2ab96f15aD67336660eCBBD0), [0x7E55b79A01BD9125CD213Bc9F533d21Eb3bD68c5](https://lineascan.build/address/0x7E55b79A01BD9125CD213Bc9F533d21Eb3bD68c5), [0xb275d362C8c1A226eb538FC2349ed9FA00C83AF8](https://lineascan.build/address/0xb275d362C8c1A226eb538FC2349ed9FA00C83AF8), [0x0645A95411C3431BB2fc58Fa61BC837FFA2e12F2](https://lineascan.build/address/0x0645A95411C3431BB2fc58Fa61BC837FFA2e12F2)

##### Linea Multisig 3

Addresses: [0xf5cc7604a5ef3565b4D2050D65729A06B68AA0bD](https://lineascan.build/address/0xf5cc7604a5ef3565b4D2050D65729A06B68AA0bD)

A Multisig with 5/9 threshold.
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - TokenBridge [via: L2Timelock → ProxyAdmin]
  - L2MessageService [via: L2Timelock → ProxyAdmin]
  - L2USDCBridge [via: ProxyAdmin]
- Can interact with TokenBridge
  - can pause the bridge
  - can pause token bridging actions initiated from the other layer
  - can pause token bridging actions initiated from this layer
  - can prevent tokens that have not been bridged already from being bridged by assigning them a reserved status
  - can remove the reserved status from a token, meaning that it is allowed to be bridged again
  - can set custom ERC20 contracts for specific ERC20s
  - can set the contract used as the source of truth from crosschain messages
  - can unpause token bridging actions initiated from the other layer
  - can unpause token bridging actions initiated from this layer
  - manage all critical access control roles and permissions (full admin of the main bridge escrow)
- Can interact with L2Timelock
  - cancel queued transactions
  - execute transactions that are ready
  - manage all access control roles and change the minimum delay [via: L2Timelock]
  - propose transactions
- Can interact with UpgradeableBeacon
  - change the beacon implementation

Participants (9): [0x1f0cdfb6aa74293E06f3A6D3B7958b6d36563c4f](https://lineascan.build/address/0x1f0cdfb6aa74293E06f3A6D3B7958b6d36563c4f), [0xD30373335C6d71499EE6CDcF832b5BcB731BAe8d](https://lineascan.build/address/0xD30373335C6d71499EE6CDcF832b5BcB731BAe8d), [0xD6481cC92eD746EbC679788654723Ce49D45EbeA](https://lineascan.build/address/0xD6481cC92eD746EbC679788654723Ce49D45EbeA), [0x4CB4da1D1C198E506031C0Aa8480BA8b57C0fAD4](https://lineascan.build/address/0x4CB4da1D1C198E506031C0Aa8480BA8b57C0fAD4), [0xB4dAebe4D01f467701F95f0196fc29033c54dBcb](https://lineascan.build/address/0xB4dAebe4D01f467701F95f0196fc29033c54dBcb), [0x9376c137AF5124FFc39bD8940A3D88D1cd508992](https://lineascan.build/address/0x9376c137AF5124FFc39bD8940A3D88D1cd508992), [0x535dE1e2A961529AA84EF208981f8cF4e7dcbdF5](https://lineascan.build/address/0x535dE1e2A961529AA84EF208981f8cF4e7dcbdF5), [0xC263178AC471C4411abAf5c22cD4D8D67033bc82](https://lineascan.build/address/0xC263178AC471C4411abAf5c22cD4D8D67033bc82), [0x0F4df4939a6B126a088A40B4Bbf9F30337ACBFE4](https://lineascan.build/address/0x0F4df4939a6B126a088A40B4Bbf9F30337ACBFE4)

##### EOA 6

Addresses: [0x2532bfdc9Ba58B13358A9C5C05136d6938Bc42d0](https://lineascan.build/address/0x2532bfdc9Ba58B13358A9C5C05136d6938Bc42d0)

- Can interact with TokenBridge
  - can pause the bridge

##### EOA 7

Addresses: [0x2b0F9C76970975aec03784EFd763623757EF7652](https://lineascan.build/address/0x2b0F9C76970975aec03784EFd763623757EF7652)

- Can interact with L2MessageService
  - Can anchor L1 data on the L2. A check is supposed to be added to the proof system on L1 so that it is not possible to settle if the anchor is not correct. The function is permissioned because otherwise anyone can cause a liveness failure by posting an invalid anchor

## Smart contracts

![A diagram of the smart contract architecture](https://ethbeat.org/static/images/architecture/linea.9d78eb06.png)

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.l2beat.com/ui/p/linea

### Ethereum

#### TokenBridge (escrow)

Addresses: [0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code), [0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 3, Last upgrade: 7mo 7d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 9mo 27d)

- 2026-03-31 15:26 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b), implementations: [0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34/eth:0xF0e003F0dE2d583Ae28FA8cBF66aa096CdAce3ff))
- 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d), implementations: [0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34](https://etherscan.io/address/0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2/eth:0x2B6A2F8880220a66DfB9059FCB76F7dB54104a34))
- 2024-06-05 11:49 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6), implementations: [0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x6ccfD65b0b14F67259C77Ca6267104e058dDB292/eth:0xd52c09E67aF3BE0977B52b4817366e9BaB5dCFA2))
- 2023-08-03 13:04 UTC, deployment of [TokenBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x051F1D88f0aF5763fB888eC4378b4D8B29ea3319#code): transaction [0xbc08c4596eeee0a2e2527f03c0f2e85ec9e76e062b5f86eb435a67bca8f21122](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xbc08c4596eeee0a2e2527f03c0f2e85ec9e76e062b5f86eb435a67bca8f21122), implementations: [0x6ccfD65b0b14F67259C77Ca6267104e058dDB292](https://etherscan.io/address/0x6ccfD65b0b14F67259C77Ca6267104e058dDB292#code)

Contract used to bridge and escrow ERC-20 tokens.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Linea Security Council
  - **allPausers**: EOA 1, Linea Security Council
  - **allUnpausers**: Linea Security Council
  - **completeTokenBridgingPausers**: Linea Security Council
  - **completeTokenBridgingUnpausers**: Linea Security Council
  - **customContractSetters**: Linea Multisig 2, Linea Security Council; ultimately Linea Security Council
  - **defaultAdmin**: Linea Security Council
  - **initiateTokenBridgingPausers**: Linea Security Council
  - **initiateTokenBridgingUnpausers**: Linea Security Council
  - **messageServiceSetters**: Linea Security Council
  - **reserveTokenRemovers**: Linea Multisig 2, Linea Security Council; ultimately Linea Security Council
  - **reserveTokenSetters**: Linea Multisig 2, Linea Security Council; ultimately Linea Security Council

All supported tokens in this escrow are included in the value secured calculation.

Can be upgraded by: Linea Security Council with no delay

#### PlonkVerifierFull (2 instances)

Addresses: [0x1d930e3Fac9fbc7026eC17962d2F57d558d37532](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1d930e3Fac9fbc7026eC17962d2F57d558d37532#code), [0xAFF26999780901ee8B48f0a1271a177ff46fD53F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAFF26999780901ee8B48f0a1271a177ff46fD53F#code)

#### BridgedToken

Addresses: [0x36f274C1C197F277EA3C57859729398FCc8a3763](https://etherscan.io/address/0x36f274C1C197F277EA3C57859729398FCc8a3763#code)

Standard implementation used for assets that are native to the other layer and are bridged to this layer.

#### ProxyAdmin (0x41fA…6eb5)

Addresses: [0x41fAD3Df1B07B647D120D055259E474fE8046eb5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x41fAD3Df1B07B647D120D055259E474fE8046eb5#code)

- Roles:
  - **owner**: Linea Security Council

#### LidoStVaultYieldProvider

Addresses: [0x486D8cADc10489B30b64c890aEc747F1220eEEC3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x486D8cADc10489B30b64c890aEc747F1220eEEC3#code)

Yield provider adaptor, delegatecalled by the YieldManager, that deploys rollup ETH into a Lido V3 staking vault (stVault) and its beacon chain validators. Withdrawals back to the reserve are requested via EIP-7002 partial validator withdrawals, so refilling the reserve is subject to beacon chain latency; while the reserve is in deficit anyone can trigger them with a validator proof.

#### L1USDCBridge

Addresses: [0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce](https://etherscan.io/address/0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce#code), [0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00](https://etherscan.io/address/0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x41fAD3Df1B07B647D120D055259E474fE8046eb5](https://etherscan.io/address/0x41fAD3Df1B07B647D120D055259E474fE8046eb5#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 2, Last upgrade: 1y 7mo ago, Avg upgrade interval: 1y 1mo)

- 2025-03-16 19:57 UTC, upgrade of [L1USDCBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce#code): transaction [0xd61b29009aa7f628ff1b04138e30ebd39805e40a2e3e4a3e43050fd8b0f75548](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd61b29009aa7f628ff1b04138e30ebd39805e40a2e3e4a3e43050fd8b0f75548), implementations: [0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00](https://etherscan.io/address/0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36/eth:0x66CFD1562d6Aa4629e9e4142662c1A403528Df00))
- 2023-09-01 20:25 UTC, upgrade of [L1USDCBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce#code): transaction [0xe752ce539119fc11af6239e8b26a79d80c9e84cec19ac6aca060f466853f5b7d](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xe752ce539119fc11af6239e8b26a79d80c9e84cec19ac6aca060f466853f5b7d), implementations: [0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36](https://etherscan.io/address/0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x16Db542C30fB3519D11CF8F632077c62c1a944fd/eth:0x0eC393209674090368C592A591B25811e490BF36))
- 2023-08-03 18:11 UTC, deployment of [L1USDCBridge](https://etherscan.io/address/0x504A330327A089d8364C4ab3811Ee26976d388ce#code): transaction [0xa93648a8d01d65bea363bc2f6e19897e42f9af999370c07cb2a0ea6a5401b6b0](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa93648a8d01d65bea363bc2f6e19897e42f9af999370c07cb2a0ea6a5401b6b0), implementations: [0x16Db542C30fB3519D11CF8F632077c62c1a944fd](https://etherscan.io/address/0x16Db542C30fB3519D11CF8F632077c62c1a944fd#code)

L1 side of the old and now unused USDC bridge.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Linea Security Council

Can be upgraded by: Linea Security Council with no delay

#### AddressFilter

Addresses: [0x526AE78F0103Ae73F05449ae30eb626C1003784E](https://etherscan.io/address/0x526AE78F0103Ae73F05449ae30eb626C1003784E#code)

Blocklist consulted by the LineaRollup forced-transaction path: an address on this list cannot force-include transactions from L1, so the contract gates the escape hatch.
- Roles:
  - **defaultAdmin**: EOA 4

#### Delay

Addresses: [0x784CCeE002E259Fc38C4b36C2D8bd8a457e55436](https://etherscan.io/address/0x784CCeE002E259Fc38C4b36C2D8bd8a457e55436#code)

A simple Safe module for that can queue and execute transactions as Linea Multisig 2 after a delay of currently 3mo, if registered as a module there.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: Linea Multisig 2; ultimately Linea Security Council
  - **zodiacModule_modules**: Linea Security Council

#### UpgradeableBeacon

Addresses: [0x971f46a2852d11D59dbF0909e837cfd06f357DeB](https://etherscan.io/address/0x971f46a2852d11D59dbF0909e837cfd06f357DeB#code)

A beacon with an upgradeable implementation currently set as BridgedToken. Beacon proxy contracts pointing to this beacon will all use its implementation.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: Linea Security Council

#### LineaRollup (escrow)

Addresses: [0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code), [0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 12, Last upgrade: 2mo 4d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 3mo 3d)

- 2026-09-01 09:07 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x0e551aff381b8c6c4c73eafddb326906ac0d3599295444324cee8b988aaa6a6a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x0e551aff381b8c6c4c73eafddb326906ac0d3599295444324cee8b988aaa6a6a), implementations: [0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645](https://etherscan.io/address/0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530/eth:0x052b73d934E9412045Bf731574463Fd026D74645))
- 2026-07-16 11:32 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x4bcfe7ea1724555288f7cf4d7a0de608182483a41d670e3027b89c3e989240c9](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x4bcfe7ea1724555288f7cf4d7a0de608182483a41d670e3027b89c3e989240c9), implementations: [0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530](https://etherscan.io/address/0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332/eth:0x59290394dDC1cF84e671701A929710643c343530))
- 2026-03-31 15:26 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x2956910285297bc330ad8b1e31f6dd7866e58c26164fe126f09a44df6a65ce9b), implementations: [0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631/eth:0xE68697690E8ff196A6aBB3E1385156D87Df85332))
- 2026-03-01 14:25 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0xac24732952f9eea514ba28030218267575bb42dd5f713dab7c29f3d330086d8f](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xac24732952f9eea514ba28030218267575bb42dd5f713dab7c29f3d330086d8f), implementations: [0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631](https://etherscan.io/address/0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0/eth:0x04728BF704a716C26F9EF4085013b760AC885631))
- 2024-12-16 13:52 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x96b88112de2e594cb763bc625cc2dcb6920825bb642eb1a62ff577f0c29f616d), implementations: [0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0](https://etherscan.io/address/0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A/eth:0x07ddce60658A61dc1732Cacf2220FcE4A01C49B0))
- 2024-10-29 15:35 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x0970f422c80627f28916f9c5583ff6298070893debd191ead0cf39778e4bae14](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x0970f422c80627f28916f9c5583ff6298070893debd191ead0cf39778e4bae14), implementations: [0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A](https://etherscan.io/address/0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562/eth:0x1825242411792536469Cbb5843fd27Ce3e9e583A))
- 2024-06-05 11:49 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x497bdab1d3fb97eed72a55fc6e3672694195b08f949c2e0e84ea4b36428ee9c6), implementations: [0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562](https://etherscan.io/address/0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179/eth:0x53fC68bFfC03D17804e5A901DE42d1eeF2e64562))
- 2024-03-26 10:29 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x565c77e109aac4df41d81457bdfbdd17782d8bca9a1330c68a271c64f35d05e5](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x565c77e109aac4df41d81457bdfbdd17782d8bca9a1330c68a271c64f35d05e5), implementations: [0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179](https://etherscan.io/address/0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457/eth:0x934Dd4C63E285551CEceF8459103554D0096c179))
- 2024-02-13 08:39 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0xb4ed5b2646e45744945a4fc51da0e5e687ffe26f570b7aa3abb7b1fd4a460ea4](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb4ed5b2646e45744945a4fc51da0e5e687ffe26f570b7aa3abb7b1fd4a460ea4), implementations: [0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457](https://etherscan.io/address/0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3/eth:0xAA4b3a9515c921996Abe7930bF75Eff7466a4457))
- 2023-08-08 16:58 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0xdff29a7f65b6bec4e8288673a5ca55e12081b4d55879e600817484f28c5a80b1](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xdff29a7f65b6bec4e8288673a5ca55e12081b4d55879e600817484f28c5a80b1), implementations: [0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3](https://etherscan.io/address/0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3/eth:0xb32c3D0dDb0063FfB15E8a50b40cC62230D820B3))
- 2023-07-15 13:31 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x628efc29f5b2267f23cf613720003fafe671ee47db60b4f6610f5ae1ab838555](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x628efc29f5b2267f23cf613720003fafe671ee47db60b4f6610f5ae1ab838555), implementations: [0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3](https://etherscan.io/address/0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706/eth:0x4c8d4Ce72afAA417d1F7E833725FdB4E793cd6b3))
- 2023-07-12 12:57 UTC, upgrade of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x8ee4253600d68665e8d52a522d8ba7136639187b87f8079b881de9e6d1f20d2a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x8ee4253600d68665e8d52a522d8ba7136639187b87f8079b881de9e6d1f20d2a), implementations: [0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706/eth:0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706))
- 2023-07-12 11:05 UTC, deployment of [LineaRollup](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd19d4B5d358258f05D7B411E21A1460D11B0876F#code): transaction [0x3564f15a274bdc49a6ad8af161113d20a678d87efbd3d708540a9b4d026f1122](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x3564f15a274bdc49a6ad8af161113d20a678d87efbd3d708540a9b4d026f1122), implementations: [0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706](https://etherscan.io/address/0xE8f627df6Cb02e415b2e6d6e112323BD269b4706#code)

The main contract of the Linea zkEVM rollup. Contains state roots, the verifier addresses and manages messages between L1 and the L2. ETH deployed to the rollup contract can be transfered to a yield protocol.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Linea Security Council
  - **defaultAdmin**: Linea Security Council
  - **ethStaker**: EOA 5, Linea Security Council
  - **livenessRecoveryOperator**: CallForwardingProxy
  - **operators**: EOA 2, EOA 3
  - **pauseAll**: EOA 1, Linea Security Council
  - **securityCouncil**: Linea Security Council
  - **yieldManagerSetter**: Linea Security Council

The following tokens are included in the value secured calculation: ETH

Can be upgraded by: Linea Security Council with no delay

#### Timelock

Addresses: [0xd6B95c960779c72B8C6752119849318E5d550574](https://etherscan.io/address/0xd6B95c960779c72B8C6752119849318E5d550574#code)

A standard timelock with access control. The current minimum delay is 0s.
- Roles:
  - **canceller**: Linea Security Council
  - **executor**: Linea Security Council
  - **proposer**: Linea Multisig 2, Linea Security Council; ultimately Linea Security Council
  - **timelockAdmin**: Timelock; ultimately Linea Security Council

#### YieldManager

Addresses: [0xeb63cABDd78537b9b72A2AFB573F7caa91bd8D94](https://etherscan.io/address/0xeb63cABDd78537b9b72A2AFB573F7caa91bd8D94#code), [0x751236A1aFC11B7F1A7630fe87b0Bd96AC5203C4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x751236A1aFC11B7F1A7630fe87b0Bd96AC5203C4#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2026-02-10 16:55 UTC, deployment of [YieldManager](https://etherscan.io/address/0xeb63cABDd78537b9b72A2AFB573F7caa91bd8D94#code): transaction [0x69fb4be68a461b7953579236e33e62f1463ebf0e02e397221a35c16dadecd77a](https://etherscan.io/tx/0x69fb4be68a461b7953579236e33e62f1463ebf0e02e397221a35c16dadecd77a), implementations: [0x751236A1aFC11B7F1A7630fe87b0Bd96AC5203C4](https://etherscan.io/address/0x751236A1aFC11B7F1A7630fe87b0Bd96AC5203C4#code)

Manages flows of ETH and staked ETH in and out of rollup contract reserves. Tracks the available ETH balance for L2 exits, configures target parameters for amount of staked ETH, communicates with yield provider adaptors.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Linea Security Council
  - **yieldStakingManager**: Linea Security Council
  - **yieldStakingOperator**: EOA 5, Linea Security Council

Can be upgraded by: Linea Security Council with no delay

#### ProxyAdmin (0xF505…66d6)

Addresses: [0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6](https://etherscan.io/address/0xF5058616517C068C7b8c7EbC69FF636Ade9066d6#code)

- Roles:
  - **owner**: Timelock

### Linea

#### ProxyAdmin (0x1E1f…774E)

Addresses: [0x1E1f6F22f97b4a7522D8B62e983953639239774E](https://lineascan.build/address/0x1E1f6F22f97b4a7522D8B62e983953639239774E#code)

- Roles:
  - **owner**: L2Timelock

#### TokenBridge

Addresses: [0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code), [0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b](https://lineascan.build/address/0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x1E1f6F22f97b4a7522D8B62e983953639239774E](https://lineascan.build/address/0x1E1f6F22f97b4a7522D8B62e983953639239774E#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 3, Last upgrade: 7mo 7d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 9mo 27d)

- 2026-03-31 15:28 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01), implementations: [0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b](https://lineascan.build/address/0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137/linea:0x4a496167F187A97379e763f693A499cE1182848b))
- 2024-12-16 14:06 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7), implementations: [0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137](https://lineascan.build/address/0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E/linea:0xD90ed3D4f9d11262d3D346a4369058d5B3777137))
- 2024-06-05 11:55 UTC, upgrade of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0x679e1f421ff3d583b75adc32bda76d9408688e9fd6897bc499baaee547711f13](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x679e1f421ff3d583b75adc32bda76d9408688e9fd6897bc499baaee547711f13), implementations: [0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E](https://lineascan.build/address/0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x2bfdf4a0d54C93a4bAF74F8DcEA8a275D8EE97a9/linea:0x0fFCBe98041B77BD87C38e2d0a6b473e7703444E))
- 2023-08-03 13:11 UTC, deployment of [TokenBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0x353012dc4a9A6cF55c941bADC267f82004A8ceB9#code): transaction [0x74e2ded3ed8dd2fd39692b053ede573c6d8205a2dcdb29a201d6320006f81404](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x74e2ded3ed8dd2fd39692b053ede573c6d8205a2dcdb29a201d6320006f81404), implementations: [0x2bfdf4a0d54C93a4bAF74F8DcEA8a275D8EE97a9](https://lineascan.build/address/0x2bfdf4a0d54C93a4bAF74F8DcEA8a275D8EE97a9#code)

Contract used to bridge and escrow ERC-20 tokens.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Linea Multisig 3
  - **allPausers**: EOA 6, Linea Multisig 3
  - **allUnpausers**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **completeTokenBridgingPausers**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **completeTokenBridgingUnpausers**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **customContractSetters**: Linea Multisig 3, Linea Multisig 4
  - **defaultAdmin**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **initiateTokenBridgingPausers**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **initiateTokenBridgingUnpausers**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **messageServiceSetters**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **reserveTokenRemovers**: Linea Multisig 3, Linea Multisig 4
  - **reserveTokenSetters**: Linea Multisig 3, Linea Multisig 4

Can be upgraded by: Linea Multisig 3 with no delay

#### L2MessageService

Addresses: [0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code), [0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d](https://lineascan.build/address/0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x1E1f6F22f97b4a7522D8B62e983953639239774E](https://lineascan.build/address/0x1E1f6F22f97b4a7522D8B62e983953639239774E#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 6, Last upgrade: 7mo 7d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 5mo 23d)

- 2026-03-31 15:28 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xee1773eabf52589c20884aceed118949ea8e03afc7bfd1df008206d2d69e1b01), implementations: [0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d](https://lineascan.build/address/0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd/linea:0x9976fD7edDb78156a002DE74c9158E884702273d))
- 2024-12-16 14:06 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xbb31a92afc2c725d0b10aaf96829db7a553041d0be10ca840d2fb82ef77119e7), implementations: [0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd](https://lineascan.build/address/0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D/linea:0x05d43713B7E333d2D54be65cE3b5F3698aB960Fd))
- 2024-03-26 10:36 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xb50f4883ceaaecaa5c3864e17e0cedcdfbf13a8d49e2e318dbde814d7dbe1459](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xb50f4883ceaaecaa5c3864e17e0cedcdfbf13a8d49e2e318dbde814d7dbe1459), implementations: [0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D](https://lineascan.build/address/0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af/linea:0x9899f25BDD0785B2b47c1Bd29711D88406c3b54D))
- 2024-02-13 08:35 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xcc8a117438895921a7768cef24fd55a179538956fe8e3dfdbf44181ae2eb4151](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xcc8a117438895921a7768cef24fd55a179538956fe8e3dfdbf44181ae2eb4151), implementations: [0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af](https://lineascan.build/address/0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d/linea:0x2c4F0ed41E356E289b5b479684006427Ec3589af))
- 2023-07-15 13:41 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0x58e2af8033120299d32c2c561cb236a386565e981a14626d1b96a7d592564b66](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x58e2af8033120299d32c2c561cb236a386565e981a14626d1b96a7d592564b66), implementations: [0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d](https://lineascan.build/address/0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c/linea:0x89e70E2AAAD2021cEa50b1eb235B7Fe97625147d))
- 2023-07-12 14:48 UTC, upgrade of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0x0c07ca13444501284e8935d6cc93cde21ab6a45c6d442aae2681fe01e4106b8d](https://lineascan.build/tx/0x0c07ca13444501284e8935d6cc93cde21ab6a45c6d442aae2681fe01e4106b8d), implementations: [0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c](https://lineascan.build/address/0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x369DB650D875938252682532eA9E4Af267a7d126/linea:0x49B620cC5DaD8254253ADf9f769262fF15C79e8c))
- 2023-07-06 13:37 UTC, deployment of [L2MessageService](https://lineascan.build/address/0x508Ca82Df566dCD1B0DE8296e70a96332cD644ec#code): transaction [0xed74f383b9adf7473d3acd918f80cfdd9e971e861e08c82da880b0b6c3e7d5da](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xed74f383b9adf7473d3acd918f80cfdd9e971e861e08c82da880b0b6c3e7d5da), implementations: [0x369DB650D875938252682532eA9E4Af267a7d126](https://lineascan.build/address/0x369DB650D875938252682532eA9E4Af267a7d126#code)

- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Linea Multisig 3
  - **l1l2MessageSetter**: EOA 7

Can be upgraded by: Linea Multisig 3 with no delay

#### L2USDCBridge

Addresses: [0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A](https://lineascan.build/address/0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A#code), [0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521](https://lineascan.build/address/0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0xcB04d0AD0D3ceA5aEc1B480957Ddb20CA47EA30c](https://lineascan.build/address/0xcB04d0AD0D3ceA5aEc1B480957Ddb20CA47EA30c#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 2, Last upgrade: 1y 7mo ago, Avg upgrade interval: 1y 1mo)

- 2025-03-15 14:03 UTC, upgrade of [L2USDCBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A#code): transaction [0xdf59afa26b1f9768cf98f2f59a55a175faa5e911501d2043e6564340d0841140](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xdf59afa26b1f9768cf98f2f59a55a175faa5e911501d2043e6564340d0841140), implementations: [0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521](https://lineascan.build/address/0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c/linea:0x1998108fA7993EA67a8B1a99d392a3288C5a5521))
- 2023-09-01 20:28 UTC, upgrade of [L2USDCBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A#code): transaction [0xdcd89930e7456d8d80313aa109e5ab95d2455354e39e56d1ae0432f2579339d0](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xdcd89930e7456d8d80313aa109e5ab95d2455354e39e56d1ae0432f2579339d0), implementations: [0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c](https://lineascan.build/address/0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c#code) ([diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/linea:0x71E4dB49008C7D7648597E8D24A8E2fD1D220B81/linea:0x6D967F862d8c5D9E230a976AB2063eD1d4D7A43c))
- 2023-08-03 18:15 UTC, deployment of [L2USDCBridge](https://lineascan.build/address/0xA2Ee6Fce4ACB62D95448729cDb781e3BEb62504A#code): transaction [0xb50a7330132542dc795312528f39e57822236eb7d35cfcaf2616e091c378705e](https://lineascan.build/tx/0xb50a7330132542dc795312528f39e57822236eb7d35cfcaf2616e091c378705e), implementations: [0x71E4dB49008C7D7648597E8D24A8E2fD1D220B81](https://lineascan.build/address/0x71E4dB49008C7D7648597E8D24A8E2fD1D220B81#code)

L2 side of the old and now unused USDC bridge.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Linea Multisig 3

Can be upgraded by: Linea Multisig 3 with no delay

#### L2Timelock

Addresses: [0xc808BfCBeD34D90fa9579CAa664e67B9A03C56ca](https://lineascan.build/address/0xc808BfCBeD34D90fa9579CAa664e67B9A03C56ca#code)

A standard timelock with access control. The current minimum delay is 0s.
- Roles:
  - **canceller**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **executor**: Linea Multisig 3
  - **proposer**: Linea Multisig 3, Linea Multisig 4
  - **timelockAdmin**: L2Timelock; ultimately Linea Multisig 3

#### ProxyAdmin (0xcB04…A30c)

Addresses: [0xcB04d0AD0D3ceA5aEc1B480957Ddb20CA47EA30c](https://lineascan.build/address/0xcB04d0AD0D3ceA5aEc1B480957Ddb20CA47EA30c#code)

- Roles:
  - **owner**: Linea Multisig 3

#### LineaVoyageXP

Addresses: [0xd83af4fbD77f3AB65C3B1Dc4B38D7e67AEcf599A](https://lineascan.build/address/0xd83af4fbD77f3AB65C3B1Dc4B38D7e67AEcf599A#code)

Voyage XP tokens are non-transferrable, soulbound tokens that are distributed to recognize the community’s contribution toward the growth of the Linea ecosystem.

#### BridgedToken

Addresses: [0xda8AEFCf0F9B0b81915a2C124f913e58212D49dF](https://lineascan.build/address/0xda8AEFCf0F9B0b81915a2C124f913e58212D49dF#code)

Standard implementation used for assets that are native to the other layer and are bridged to this layer.

#### UpgradeableBeacon

Addresses: [0xE798695d2e78f7caeb5BbF3385433959324c02c0](https://lineascan.build/address/0xE798695d2e78f7caeb5BbF3385433959324c02c0#code)

A beacon with an upgradeable implementation currently set as BridgedToken. Beacon proxy contracts pointing to this beacon will all use its implementation.
- Roles:
  - **owner**: Linea Multisig 3

The current deployment carries some associated risks:

- Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is a 0s delay on code upgrades.