# Earnm

Markdown version of https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm

## Summary

**Warning:** This project is archived and no longer maintained.

**Warning:** Critical contracts can be upgraded by an EOA which could result in the loss of all funds.

**Warning:** Why is the project listed in others? There are less than 5 external actors that can submit challenges. Consequence: projects without a sufficiently decentralized set of challengers rely on few entities to safely update the state. A small set of challengers can collude with the proposer to finalize an invalid state, which can cause loss of funds. Learn more about the [recategorisation](https://medium.com/l2beat/framework-update-l2-projects-recategorisation-5d43b0d1fe50).

- Total Value Secured: $0.00 (0.00% compared to seven days ago; canonically bridged $0.00, natively minted $0.00, externally bridged $0.00; 0.00% with additional trust assumptions compared to the tokens involved and the Stage assigned to the project's canonical messaging bridge)
- TVS by asset: No data
- Past day UOPS: 0.04 (-3.96% compared to seven days ago)
- Gas token: ETH
- Type: Other
- Purposes: Universal, Social
- Host chain: Arbitrum One
- Chain ID: 32766
- Risks shown: combined with host chain Arbitrum One; Risk analysis also lists each separately

### Risks

- Sequencer failure: Self sequence (sentiment: good)
- State validation: Fraud proofs (INT) (7d challenge period + 2d execution delay; sentiment: bad)
- Data availability: External (DAC) (sentiment: bad)
- Exit window: None (sentiment: bad)
- Proposer failure: Self propose (sentiment: good)

### About

Earnm is a mobile-first Orbit stack L3 on Arbitrum that converts everyday mobile activity into cryptocurrency rewards through its EarnOS technology.

### Links

- Website: https://earnm.com/
- Explorer: https://earnm-mainnet.explorer.alchemy.com/
- Social: https://x.com/earnmrewards, https://t.me/EARNMrewards, https://discord.com/invite/earnm, https://blog.earnm.com/
- Other: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=us.current.android&hl=en
- Contracts explorer (Disco): https://disco.ethbeat.org/ui/p/earnm

### Badges

- EVM: This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language
- Data Availability Committee: There is a Data Availability Committee that provides/attests to data availability
- Built on Arbitrum Orbit: The project is built on Arbitrum Orbit
- Built on top of Arbitrum: The project has Arbitrum as its host chain
- Alchemy: This project was deployed via the rollup-as-a-service provider Alchemy

## Value Secured

The interactive TVS charts are shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm#tvs).

Token by token: [TVS breakdown](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm/tvs-breakdown).

- [TVS chart (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/earnm?range=max)
- [TVS breakdown by token (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/tvs/earnm/breakdown)

## Activity

The interactive activity chart is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm#activity).

- [Activity chart (JSON)](https://ethbeat.org/api/scaling/activity/earnm?range=max)

## Risk summary

There are 3 additional risks coming from the host chain [Arbitrum One](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/arbitrum)

**Warning:** Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.

### Funds can be stolen if

1. a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL),
2. no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL),
3. an attacker successfully performs a resource exhaustion attack.

### Funds can be lost if

4. the external data becomes unavailable (CRITICAL).

### Users can be censored if

5. the committee restricts their access to the external data.

### MEV can be extracted if

6. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

## Risk analysis

The L3 risks depend on the individual properties of L3 and those of the host chain combined.

**Warning:** Critical contracts can be upgraded by an EOA which could result in the loss of all funds.

**Warning:** Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.

|  | Sequencer failure | State validation | Data availability | Exit window | Proposer failure |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arbitrum One (L2) | Self sequence (sentiment: good) | Fraud proofs (INT) (sentiment: good) | Onchain (sentiment: good) | None (sentiment: bad) | Self propose (sentiment: good) |
| Earnm (L3, individual) | Self sequence (sentiment: good) | Fraud proofs (INT) (sentiment: bad) | External (DAC) (sentiment: bad) | None (sentiment: bad) | Self propose (sentiment: good) |
| Earnm (L3, combined) | Self sequence (sentiment: good) | Fraud proofs (INT) (sentiment: bad) | External (DAC) (sentiment: bad) | None (sentiment: bad) | Self propose (sentiment: good) |

### L3 combined risks

The information below reflects combined L2 & L3 risks.

#### Sequencer failure

Self sequence (sentiment: good)

In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 5d delay on this operation.

#### State validation

Fraud proofs (INT) (7d challenge period + 2d execution delay; sentiment: bad)

No actor outside of the single Proposer can submit fraud proofs. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks. There is a 7d challenge period.

#### Data availability

External (DAC) (sentiment: bad)

Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published onchain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 2/3 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.

#### Exit window

None (sentiment: bad)

There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.

#### Proposer failure

Self propose (sentiment: good)

Anyone can become a Proposer after 28d of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.

## Stage

Earnm is not even a Stage 0 project.

**The project does not pass the walkaway test**: users are not able to exit in the presence of malicious operators if the Security Council disappears.

**Warning:** The requirement for available node software is under review.

### Stage 0

1 issue needs fixing.

- Met: The project self-identifies as a Validium or Optimium.
- Met: State roots are posted to Ethereum L1.
- Met: A complete and functional proof system (fraud or validity proofs) is deployed.
- Under review: A source-available node exists that can reconstruct the L2 state when DA is accessible. Please note that the ETHBEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code.
- Issue: Fraud proof submission is not sufficiently decentralized.

### Stage 1

3 issues need fixing.

**Principle**

- Issue: Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council to push a malicious upgrade, or sequencer+DA-committee collusion to withhold data and finalize invalid state roots, should be the only ways (other than bugs) to steal funds or block withdrawals indefinitely.

**Guidelines**

- Met: Users are able to exit without the help of the permissioned operators, provided DA is accessible.
- Met: The sources of all programs used are public and program hashes can be independently regenerated.
- Issue: Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring.
- Issue: The Security Council is not properly set up.

[Learn more about Stages](https://ethbeat.org/stages).

Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect project security, this is an opinionated assessment of project maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal.

## Data availability

### Data is not stored on chain

Users transactions are not published onchain, but rather sent to external trusted parties, also known as committee members (DAC). Members of the DAC collectively produce a Data Availability Certificate (comprising BLS signatures from a quorum) guaranteeing that the data behind the new transaction batch will be available until the expiry period elapses (currently a minimum of two weeks). This signature is not verified by L1, however external Validators will skip the batch if BLS signature is not valid resulting. This will result in a fraud proof challenge if this batch is included in a consecutive state update. It is assumed that at least one honest DAC member that signed the batch will reveal tx data to the Validators if Sequencer decides to act maliciously and withhold the data. If the Sequencer cannot gather enough signatures from the DAC, it will "fall back to rollup" mode and by posting the full data directly to the L1 chain. The current DAC threshold is 2 out of 3.

**Risks**

- Funds can be lost if the external data becomes unavailable (CRITICAL).
- Users can be censored if the committee restricts their access to the external data.

**References**

- [Inside AnyTrust - Arbitrum documentation](https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-anytrust)

## State validation

![A diagram of the state validation](https://ethbeat.org/static/images/state-validation/bold.bb41beaf.png)

Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by a set of whitelisted validators. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals.

### State root proposals

Validators propose state roots as children of a previous state root. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. State roots are referred to as "assertions" within the contracts. Each chain of assertions only requires one stake, and validators staked on assertions with a child are considered inactive and can either move their stake to a new node or withdraw it. The function used to propose a new assertion is the `stakeOnNewAssertion` function. The stake is currently set to 0.0 ETH, and it can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. The protocol allows such funds to be trustlessly pooled together if necessary. New nodes cannot be created faster than the minimum assertion period, currently set to 15m. An assertion without "rivals" can be confirmed after the challenge period has passed, currently set to 7d. If a rival is present, then it is checked that the assertion is the winner in the challenge protocol.

**Risks**

- Funds can be stolen if no whitelisted challenger disputes an invalid state root before the challenge window expires (CRITICAL).

**References**

- [BoLD paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.10491)

### Challenges

A challenge can be started between two siblings, i.e. two different state roots that share the same parent, by calling the `createLayerZeroEdge` function in the `ChallengeManager` contract. Edges represent assertions, or bisected assertions, within the challenge protocol. Challenges are played via a bisection game, where asserters and challengers play together to find the first instruction of disagreement. Such instruction is then executed onchain in the WASM OneStepProver contract to determine the winner. An edge can only be bisected when rivaled. The bisection process requires no new stake as their validity is checked against a parent "history root" that contains all intermediate states. An edge can also be confirmed if itself or its descendants spend enough time being unrivaled. Such time is set to 7d. If both actors play as slow as possible, the maximum time to confirm an edge is double such value, i.e. 14d. Due to the complexities of maintaining the history root, the challenge protocol is divided into 3 levels, where the lowest level represents assertions over blocks, the highest level represents assertions over single WASM instructions, and intermediate levels represent assertions over chunks of WASM instructions. When moving between levels, a new stake is required. Level 0 (block level) requires a stake of 0.0 ETH, level 1 requires a stake of 0.0 ETH, level 2 requires a stake of 0.0 ETH. The ratio between such stakes can be exploited to perform resource exhaustion attacks.

**Risks**

- Funds can be stolen if an attacker successfully performs a resource exhaustion attack.

**References**

- [Fraud Proof Wars: Arbitrum BoLD](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a)

### Program Hashes

#### ArbOS wasmModuleRoot v61

A commitment to the exact WASM binary version used for Orbit stack optimistic dispute games.

- Hash: `0xc10cd7ec6acaf1c441a3f6bd0900ad20f15855ba775a96f1939118cbc629dc97`
- Repository: https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/tree/consensus-v61/arbos
- Verification: successful
- Used in: [Arbitrum One](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/arbitrum), [Robinhood Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/robinhood), [Plume Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork), [SX Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/sxnetwork), [Arbitrum Nova](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/nova), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya), [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained), [Appchain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/appchain), [Earnm](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm)

##### Verification steps

Even though the program is compiled in docker for reproducibility reasons, it gives the correct results only on linux OS. Steps below were done on Ubuntu 22.04 OS. The steps below consume ~95 GiB disk space.

1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/).
2. Checkout the correct branch in [nitro](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro) repo: `git checkout consensus-v61` . Commit hash should be `dfab1dea5c8d2c5089eb26d22ad6239bb78cfa5d`.
3. Update git submodules `git submodule update --init --recursive --force`.
4. Fix a dependency on a private repo in `Dockerfile`: replace line `RUN --mount=type=secret,id=gh_token,required=false ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.3 0xeadc910d36a0eab43a3dd7acb1a3513885e333785689c7cf750b9949c5bb7227 OffchainLabs/nitro-private` with `RUN ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.5 0x7a9e6a77354888257a9989ce0b6bb39df5fedf222d453932933fdf7a489cbb57`.
4. Generate wasm module root in docker: `docker buildx build --target nitro-node-dev -t nitro-node-dev .`.
5. Export the value from the docker: `docker run --rm --entrypoint cat nitro-node-dev /home/user/target/machines/latest/module-root.txt`.

## Upgrades & Governance

### Past upgrades

The metrics include upgrades on the currently used proxy contracts. Historical proxy contracts and changes of such are not included.

- Count of upgrades: 8
- Last upgrade: 1mo 9d ago
- Avg upgrade interval: 6mo 3d

- 2026-09-25 13:08 UTC, upgrade of [RollupProxy](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2E3f48e1A9B9849e5c0e4Fe987AEa2dA1702Ddda#code): transaction [0xd78dca6e63ea83f3ee4198c1029026360b29db580a74a64b71d45b5beede9efa](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd78dca6e63ea83f3ee4198c1029026360b29db580a74a64b71d45b5beede9efa), implementations: [0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520/arb1:0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82)), [0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606/arb1:0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C))
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, deployment of [RollupProxy](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2E3f48e1A9B9849e5c0e4Fe987AEa2dA1702Ddda#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520#code), [0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606#code)
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10/arb1:0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1))
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [Bridge](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA9F4ee72439afC704db48dc049CbFb7E914aD300#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x234e937F1a2926737b0084Fb7498772579497735/arb1:0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7))
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, deployment of [EdgeChallengeManager](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xf2990AFA6b36ec53BE8088ebedF876aE6E8b147F#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821#code)
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [Outbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x39919941b42DAb335d9924Ef56dF7b9813b2D6d9#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0xCf66F830c4e5E1904B599ED61249601901E55D89/arb1:0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95))
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255/arb1:0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1))
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [RollupEventInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAc9348017885a132F1A0614B508F632A56B90ec4#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x3e9A459089758E760bEA267aBB9485EE5b47a909/arb1:0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B))
- 2026-01-06 14:31 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807#code): transaction [0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c), implementations: [0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x3De02cf69192f4805edE47d7fA5efa614c5A6593/arb1:0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10))
- 2026-01-06 14:31 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD#code): transaction [0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c), implementations: [0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x0f728dd0217E26120A304B3Fa554C3Ba2b2aF535/arb1:0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255))
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [SequencerInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x3De02cf69192f4805edE47d7fA5efa614c5A6593](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x3De02cf69192f4805edE47d7fA5efa614c5A6593#code)
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [Bridge](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA9F4ee72439afC704db48dc049CbFb7E914aD300#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x234e937F1a2926737b0084Fb7498772579497735](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x234e937F1a2926737b0084Fb7498772579497735#code)
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [Outbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x39919941b42DAb335d9924Ef56dF7b9813b2D6d9#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0xCf66F830c4e5E1904B599ED61249601901E55D89](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xCf66F830c4e5E1904B599ED61249601901E55D89#code)
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [Inbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x0f728dd0217E26120A304B3Fa554C3Ba2b2aF535](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x0f728dd0217E26120A304B3Fa554C3Ba2b2aF535#code)
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [RollupEventInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAc9348017885a132F1A0614B508F632A56B90ec4#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x3e9A459089758E760bEA267aBB9485EE5b47a909](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x3e9A459089758E760bEA267aBB9485EE5b47a909#code)
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [UpgradeExecutor](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xcD3D1CFE5e0cDa77D0a2D1ac1c0268C77115f89D#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x12B1389Fbf261E781bdc3094d28636Abfb03C5b3](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x12B1389Fbf261E781bdc3094d28636Abfb03C5b3#code)

## Updates

Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs.

### [2026-10-09 08:14 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm?update=81f799c7) (high severity, 8 changes)

RollupProxy: ArbOS v51.1 → v61 wasm module root, set by an executor EOA through the UpgradeExecutor.
ArbFilteredTransactionsManager: transaction-filtering precompile live with ArbOS 61, no filterers set; the L3 chain owner (an EOA) is now tracked.

### [2026-10-02 07:57 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm?update=cf39ada6) (high severity, 82 changes)

Upgrade to the BoLD dispute protocol (nitro-contracts v3.1.0), then RollupProxy logic upgraded to nitro-contracts v3.2.0.

RollupProxy replaced by a BoLD rollup (`isPostBoLD: true`). Validator whitelist stays enabled. Stake token ETH → WETH. `baseStake` 0.1 ETH → 0. `confirmPeriodBlocks` 45818 → 50400. `validatorAfkBlocks` 45818 → 201600. `challengeGracePeriodBlocks` set to 14400.

ChallengeManager replaced by EdgeChallengeManager: 1 big-step level. No stake is required to propose an assertion or open a challenge (`baseStake` 0, all edge stakes 0): if the validator whitelist is dropped, delay and resource exhaustion attacks cost only gas.

SafeL2 threshold lowered from 5 of 8 to 3 of 8.

Implementation diffs:

- RollupAdminLogic: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0xF9725312bd91CcfA3aD797e78A8A10b6d692FCd6/arb1:0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82
- RollupUserLogic: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0xF916Bfe431B7A7AaE083273F5b862e00a15d60F4/arb1:0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C
- ChallengeManager -> EdgeChallengeManager: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0x079840Cc8959Ef60d414E5AFC6ED0493b8eAf514/arb1:0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821
- SequencerInbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10/arb1:0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1
- Bridge: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0x234e937F1a2926737b0084Fb7498772579497735/arb1:0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7
- Inbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255/arb1:0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1
- Outbox (source unchanged): https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0xCf66F830c4e5E1904B599ED61249601901E55D89/arb1:0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95
- RollupEventInbox: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0x3e9A459089758E760bEA267aBB9485EE5b47a909/arb1:0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B
- OneStepProofEntry: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0xA6D1cE7210353E431CE79f41BcFA9Ea3Ae507b98/arb1:0x61006c8566fac9a3315F646dA4624C00BbCF15E4
- OneStepProver0: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0xF5f5bc097ca8f4bE96D8CdE86c96Bd2d81fd2585/arb1:0x78B101eC9736c4Ab06b0833f01Fd4c011f7CA612
- OneStepProverMemory: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0x09fDA6447fA7758EA9245ac78Ca3c9ba68CBfd3d/arb1:0x583F8BA007580c83EFB4B02C66694096cD5c56d1
- OneStepProverMath: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0xD3dE403eADdf791104918E9C9336B434AE7DDA01/arb1:0xB08Ca18499389ABfDF7b14b09BD2Bd4d56D7fbbb
- OneStepProverHostIo: https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/arb1:0x3930AD9a21dA38E63d52B43b0c530CB0AACcB389/arb1:0x18Cc27B3a95a6FdEf9EAA391eff28F48F42fFe3F

### [2026-05-22 14:58 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm?update=be2818ff) (2 changes)

RollupProxy `wasmModuleRoot` rotated from ArbOS v40 to ArbOS v51.1 (consensus-v51.1, ArbOS 51 Dia, Fusaka-compatible). New root added to `globalConfig.jsonc`.

### [2026-03-04 20:41 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm?update=3e9e74ae) (1 change)

One member of SafeL2 (AlchemyMultisig2) was rotated: 0xA351...700a replaced by 0x04a2...7Bd.

### [2026-01-07 16:09 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm?update=d7ec8806) (high severity, 12 changes)

Inbox and SequencerInbox upgrade:
- 7702 adjustments

### [2025-10-31 12:35 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm?update=3229bf67) (16 changes)

First discovery.

## Operator

The section considers only the L3 properties. For more details please refer to [Arbitrum One](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/arbitrum)

### The system has a centralized sequencer

While forcing transaction is open to anyone the system employs a privileged sequencer that has priority for submitting transaction batches and ordering transactions.

**Risks**

- MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

**References**

- [Sequencer - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/inside-arbitrum-nitro#the-sequencer)

### Users can force any transaction

Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly. After a delay of 4d in which a Sequencer has failed to include a transaction that was directly posted to the smart contract, it can be forcefully included by anyone on the host chain, which finalizes its ordering.

**References**

- [SequencerInbox.sol - source code, forceInclusion function](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1#code)
- [Sequencer Isn't Doing Its Job - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer#unhappyuncommon-case-sequencer-isnt-doing-its-job)

## Sequencing

### Buffered forced transactions

To force transactions from the host chain, users must first enqueue "delayed" messages in the "delayed" inbox of the Bridge contract. Only authorized Inboxes are allowed to enqueue delayed messages, and the so-called Inbox contract is the one used as the entry point by calling the `sendMessage` or `sendMessageFromOrigin` functions. If the centralized sequencer doesn't process the request within some time bound, users can call the `forceInclusion` function on the SequencerInbox contract to include the message in the canonical chain. The time bound is defined to be the minimum between 4d and the time left in the delay buffer. The delay buffer gets replenished over time and gets consumed every time the sequencer doesn't timely process a message. Only messages processed with a delay greater than 1634y 3mo consume the buffer. The buffer is capped at 1634y 3mo. The replenish rate is currently set at 1m every 20m. Even if the buffer is fully consumed, messages are still allowed to be delayed up to 1634y 3mo.

**References**

- [Sequencer and censorship resistance - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer)

## Withdrawals

The section considers only the L3 properties. For more details please refer to [Arbitrum One](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/arbitrum)

### Regular messaging

The user initiates L2->L1 messages by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled, the message becomes available for processing on L1. The process of block finalization usually takes several days to complete.

**References**

- [Transaction lifecycle - Arbitrum documentation](https://developer.offchainlabs.com/tx-lifecycle)
- [L2 to L1 Messages - Arbitrum documentation](https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/deep-dives/l2-to-l1-messaging)
- [Mainnet for everyone - Arbitrum Blog](https://offchain.medium.com/mainnet-for-everyone-27ce0f67c85e)

### Autonomous exit

Users can (eventually) exit the system by pushing the transaction on L1 and providing the corresponding state root. The only way to prevent such withdrawal is via an upgrade.

## Other considerations

### EVM compatible smart contracts are supported

Arbitrum One uses Nitro technology that allows running fraud proofs by executing EVM code on top of WASM.

**References**

- [Inside Arbitrum Nitro](https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-arbitrum-nitro/)

## Permissions

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.ethbeat.org/ui/p/earnm

### Arbitrum One

#### Actors

##### SafeL2

Addresses: [0x871e290d5447b958131F6d44f915F10032436ee6](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x871e290d5447b958131F6d44f915F10032436ee6)

A Multisig with 3/8 threshold.
- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - RollupProxy [via: UpgradeExecutor]
  - SequencerInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Outbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Inbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Bridge [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - RollupEventInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - UpgradeExecutor [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - EdgeChallengeManager [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
- Can interact with RollupProxy
  - Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability, DACs and the fastConfirmer role, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes [via: UpgradeExecutor]

Participants (8): [0xB2aa0C2C4fD6BFCBF699d4c787CD6Cc0dC461a9d](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xB2aa0C2C4fD6BFCBF699d4c787CD6Cc0dC461a9d), [0xa3353Ae4458F663f1F888705b044269bd30cd110](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xa3353Ae4458F663f1F888705b044269bd30cd110), [0xFB00073F931A817b244bF211aA2E5DCBfff8B1ca](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xFB00073F931A817b244bF211aA2E5DCBfff8B1ca), [0x35A2079110aa30d1De381cf75aCd1836b6dEE1d7](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x35A2079110aa30d1De381cf75aCd1836b6dEE1d7), [0x001271c57AeC639952B5201D052767c316755512](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x001271c57AeC639952B5201D052767c316755512), [0x04a25F65200E56EAd142652b7E5eF372E169F2Bd](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x04a25F65200E56EAd142652b7E5eF372E169F2Bd), [0xd1447Dd15D9e24ddFF99f0fE3C88Bf64d23D1670](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xd1447Dd15D9e24ddFF99f0fE3C88Bf64d23D1670), [0xeD9919D57162D518014C391a687AA8fb9DB55654](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xeD9919D57162D518014C391a687AA8fb9DB55654)

Used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#SafeL2)

##### EOA 1

Addresses: [0xe5e3eEC4c5F443B04C5c883384674FD9e3eA93D9](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xe5e3eEC4c5F443B04C5c883384674FD9e3eA93D9)

- Can upgrade **with no delay**
  - RollupProxy [via: UpgradeExecutor]
  - SequencerInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Outbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Inbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - Bridge [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - RollupEventInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - UpgradeExecutor [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
  - EdgeChallengeManager [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]
- Can interact with RollupProxy
  - Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability, DACs and the fastConfirmer role, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes [via: UpgradeExecutor]

##### EOA 2

Addresses: [0x702a73680122D6EA59c275c6c6978811fD581B2e](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x702a73680122D6EA59c275c6c6978811fD581B2e)

- Can interact with RollupProxy
  - Can propose new state roots (called nodes) and challenge state roots on the host chain

##### EOA 3

Addresses: [0xe12128A5c958b299c7F033D1D52F90feb12De81D](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xe12128A5c958b299c7F033D1D52F90feb12De81D)

- Can interact with SequencerInbox
  - Can submit transaction batches or commitments to the SequencerInbox contract on the host chain

### Earnm

#### Actors

##### EOA 4

Addresses: [0xe5e3eEC4c5F443B04C5c883384674FD9e3eA93D9](https://earnm-mainnet.explorer.alchemy.com/address/0xe5e3eEC4c5F443B04C5c883384674FD9e3eA93D9)

- Can interact with ArbFilteredTransactionsManager
  - ArbOS chain owner: can change any ArbOS chain parameter, add chain owners and add transaction filterers, which can forcibly fail any transaction, including force-included ones

## Smart contracts

![A diagram of the smart contract architecture](https://ethbeat.org/static/images/architecture/orbit-optimium.5e9f33fb.png)

Explore these contracts and permissions in Disco, ETHBEAT's contract explorer: https://disco.ethbeat.org/ui/p/earnm

### Arbitrum One

#### RollupProxy

Addresses: [0x2E3f48e1A9B9849e5c0e4Fe987AEa2dA1702Ddda](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2E3f48e1A9B9849e5c0e4Fe987AEa2dA1702Ddda#code), [0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82#code) (Implementation #1 (Upgradable)), [0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C#code) (Implementation #2 (Upgradable)), [0xcD3D1CFE5e0cDa77D0a2D1ac1c0268C77115f89D](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xcD3D1CFE5e0cDa77D0a2D1ac1c0268C77115f89D#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 1mo 9d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 19d 23h)

- 2026-09-25 13:08 UTC, upgrade of [RollupProxy](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2E3f48e1A9B9849e5c0e4Fe987AEa2dA1702Ddda#code): transaction [0xd78dca6e63ea83f3ee4198c1029026360b29db580a74a64b71d45b5beede9efa](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd78dca6e63ea83f3ee4198c1029026360b29db580a74a64b71d45b5beede9efa), implementations: [0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520/arb1:0xAb7A44CE7e66963d2116dCe74AB63eeF88266C82)), [0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606/arb1:0xedC23dFC7D1e57EC07eA5ff7419634DbAe08Ed2C))
- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, deployment of [RollupProxy](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2E3f48e1A9B9849e5c0e4Fe987AEa2dA1702Ddda#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520#code), [0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606#code)

Central contract for the project's configuration like its execution logic hash (`wasmModuleRoot`) and addresses of the other system contracts. Entry point for Proposers creating new assertions (state commitments) and Challengers submitting fraud proofs (In the Orbit stack, these two roles are both called Validators).
- Roles:
  - **admin**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2
  - **getValidators**: EOA 2
  - **owner**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#RollupProxy)

#### SequencerInbox

Addresses: [0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807#code), [0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 2, Last upgrade: 1mo 9d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 5mo 18d)

- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10/arb1:0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1))
- 2026-01-06 14:31 UTC, upgrade of [SequencerInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807#code): transaction [0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c), implementations: [0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x3De02cf69192f4805edE47d7fA5efa614c5A6593/arb1:0x7be08B013de2b23a6329De51C4994f841dcE1a10))
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [SequencerInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x38d41Ac2fbc3f13FcA7838F6638D8FbDb189e807#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x3De02cf69192f4805edE47d7fA5efa614c5A6593](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x3De02cf69192f4805edE47d7fA5efa614c5A6593#code)

A sequencer (registered in this contract) can submit transaction batches or commitments here.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2
  - **batchPosters**: EOA 3

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#SequencerInbox), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#SequencerInbox)

#### Bridge (escrow)

Addresses: [0xA9F4ee72439afC704db48dc049CbFb7E914aD300](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA9F4ee72439afC704db48dc049CbFb7E914aD300#code), [0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 1mo 9d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 8mo 12d)

- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [Bridge](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA9F4ee72439afC704db48dc049CbFb7E914aD300#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x234e937F1a2926737b0084Fb7498772579497735/arb1:0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7))
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [Bridge](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA9F4ee72439afC704db48dc049CbFb7E914aD300#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x234e937F1a2926737b0084Fb7498772579497735](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x234e937F1a2926737b0084Fb7498772579497735#code)

Escrow contract for the project's gas token (can be different from ETH). Keeps a list of allowed Inboxes and Outboxes for canonical bridge messaging.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2

The following tokens are included in the value secured calculation: ETH

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#Bridge), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#Bridge)

#### EdgeChallengeManager

Addresses: [0xf2990AFA6b36ec53BE8088ebedF876aE6E8b147F](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xf2990AFA6b36ec53BE8088ebedF876aE6E8b147F#code), [0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, deployment of [EdgeChallengeManager](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xf2990AFA6b36ec53BE8088ebedF876aE6E8b147F#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821#code)

Contract that implements the main challenge protocol logic of the fraud proof system.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#EdgeChallengeManager), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#EdgeChallengeManager), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#EdgeChallengeManager)

#### UpgradeExecutor

Addresses: [0xcD3D1CFE5e0cDa77D0a2D1ac1c0268C77115f89D](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xcD3D1CFE5e0cDa77D0a2D1ac1c0268C77115f89D#code), [0x12B1389Fbf261E781bdc3094d28636Abfb03C5b3](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x12B1389Fbf261E781bdc3094d28636Abfb03C5b3#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: No upgrades, Last upgrade: N/A, Avg upgrade interval: N/A)

- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [UpgradeExecutor](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xcD3D1CFE5e0cDa77D0a2D1ac1c0268C77115f89D#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x12B1389Fbf261E781bdc3094d28636Abfb03C5b3](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x12B1389Fbf261E781bdc3094d28636Abfb03C5b3#code)

Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2
  - **executors**: EOA 1, SafeL2

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#UpgradeExecutor)

#### Outbox

Addresses: [0x39919941b42DAb335d9924Ef56dF7b9813b2D6d9](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x39919941b42DAb335d9924Ef56dF7b9813b2D6d9#code), [0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 1mo 9d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 8mo 12d)

- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [Outbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x39919941b42DAb335d9924Ef56dF7b9813b2D6d9#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0xCf66F830c4e5E1904B599ED61249601901E55D89/arb1:0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95))
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [Outbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x39919941b42DAb335d9924Ef56dF7b9813b2D6d9#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0xCf66F830c4e5E1904B599ED61249601901E55D89](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xCf66F830c4e5E1904B599ED61249601901E55D89#code)

Facilitates L2 to L1 contract calls: Messages initiated from L2 (for example withdrawal messages) eventually resolve in execution on L1.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#Outbox), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#Outbox)

#### Inbox

Addresses: [0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD#code), [0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 2, Last upgrade: 1mo 9d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 5mo 18d)

- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255/arb1:0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1))
- 2026-01-06 14:31 UTC, upgrade of [Inbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD#code): transaction [0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x6ba75dc2936bc08617505e2a1abc4d117e98fc03707dbce6a598331ae6e21e7c), implementations: [0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x0f728dd0217E26120A304B3Fa554C3Ba2b2aF535/arb1:0xD87f160f8c414d834cBDd9477c3D8c3ad1802255))
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [Inbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x446626827f14F89B38D5bA1ab152B484cd7912fD#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x0f728dd0217E26120A304B3Fa554C3Ba2b2aF535](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x0f728dd0217E26120A304B3Fa554C3Ba2b2aF535#code)

Facilitates sending L1 to L2 messages like depositing ETH, but does not escrow funds.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#Inbox), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#Inbox)

#### OneStepProverHostIo

Addresses: [0x18Cc27B3a95a6FdEf9EAA391eff28F48F42fFe3F](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x18Cc27B3a95a6FdEf9EAA391eff28F48F42fFe3F#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#OneStepProverHostIo), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#OneStepProverHostIo), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#OneStepProverHostIo)

#### OneStepProverMemory

Addresses: [0x583F8BA007580c83EFB4B02C66694096cD5c56d1](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x583F8BA007580c83EFB4B02C66694096cD5c56d1#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#OneStepProverMemory), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#OneStepProverMemory), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#OneStepProverMemory)

#### OneStepProofEntry

Addresses: [0x61006c8566fac9a3315F646dA4624C00BbCF15E4](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x61006c8566fac9a3315F646dA4624C00BbCF15E4#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#OneStepProofEntry), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#OneStepProofEntry), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#OneStepProofEntry)

#### OneStepProver0

Addresses: [0x78B101eC9736c4Ab06b0833f01Fd4c011f7CA612](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x78B101eC9736c4Ab06b0833f01Fd4c011f7CA612#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#OneStepProver0), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#OneStepProver0), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#OneStepProver0)

#### ProxyAdmin

Addresses: [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code)

- Roles:
  - **owner**: UpgradeExecutor

#### RollupEventInbox

Addresses: [0xAc9348017885a132F1A0614B508F632A56B90ec4](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAc9348017885a132F1A0614B508F632A56B90ec4#code), [0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B#code) (Implementation (Upgradable)), [0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8D9e5bB33Da252739780e3df5F9E686fd11E0536#code) (Admin)

**Past upgrades** (Count of upgrades: 1, Last upgrade: 1mo 9d ago, Avg upgrade interval: 8mo 12d)

- 2026-09-25 12:28 UTC, upgrade of [RollupEventInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAc9348017885a132F1A0614B508F632A56B90ec4#code): transaction [0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0x860a45d698bee648eb02dbbd827d05d6bfdb017d472759f532a3494d60f1952e), implementations: [0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B#code) ([diff](https://disco.ethbeat.org/diff/arb1:0x3e9A459089758E760bEA267aBB9485EE5b47a909/arb1:0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B))
- 2025-06-17 10:45 UTC, deployment of [RollupEventInbox](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAc9348017885a132F1A0614B508F632A56B90ec4#code): transaction [0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21](https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xd0a0751d8450543a294e38729482791348b8daba8017cdc92d3ada20f67a4e21), implementations: [0x3e9A459089758E760bEA267aBB9485EE5b47a909](https://arbiscan.io/address/0x3e9A459089758E760bEA267aBB9485EE5b47a909#code)

Helper contract sending configuration data over the bridge during the systems initialization.
- Roles:
  - **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately EOA 1, SafeL2

Can be upgraded by: SafeL2 with no delay, EOA 1 with no delay

Implementation used in: [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#RollupEventInbox), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#RollupEventInbox)

#### OneStepProverMath

Addresses: [0xB08Ca18499389ABfDF7b14b09BD2Bd4d56D7fbbb](https://arbiscan.io/address/0xB08Ca18499389ABfDF7b14b09BD2Bd4d56D7fbbb#code)

One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.

Implementation used in: [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain#OneStepProverMath), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain#OneStepProverMath), [Ethereal](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/ethereal#OneStepProverMath)

### Earnm

#### ArbFilteredTransactionsManager

Addresses: [0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000074](https://earnm-mainnet.explorer.alchemy.com/address/0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000074#code)

ArbOS transaction-filtering precompile (0x..74, ArbOS 60+). An authorized filterer registers tx hashes here; the state transition function then forcibly fails those transactions, including force-included ones, without delay.
- Roles:
  - **chainOwners**: EOA 4

**References**

- [Source Code](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/blob/v3.11.0/precompiles/ArbFilteredTransactionsManager.go)

The current deployment carries some associated risks:

- Funds can be stolen if a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades (CRITICAL).

### Program Hashes

#### ArbOS wasmModuleRoot v61

A commitment to the exact WASM binary version used for Orbit stack optimistic dispute games.

- Hash: `0xc10cd7ec6acaf1c441a3f6bd0900ad20f15855ba775a96f1939118cbc629dc97`
- Repository: https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/tree/consensus-v61/arbos
- Verification: successful
- Used in: [Arbitrum One](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/arbitrum), [Robinhood Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/robinhood), [Plume Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/plumenetwork), [SX Network](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/sxnetwork), [Arbitrum Nova](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/nova), [Reya](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/reya), [Edge Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edgechain), [EDU Chain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/edu-chain), [Lasernet](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/lasernet), [Pepe Unchained](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/pepe-unchained), [Appchain](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/appchain), [Earnm](https://ethbeat.org/layer2s/projects/earnm)

##### Verification steps

Even though the program is compiled in docker for reproducibility reasons, it gives the correct results only on linux OS. Steps below were done on Ubuntu 22.04 OS. The steps below consume ~95 GiB disk space.

1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/).
2. Checkout the correct branch in [nitro](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro) repo: `git checkout consensus-v61` . Commit hash should be `dfab1dea5c8d2c5089eb26d22ad6239bb78cfa5d`.
3. Update git submodules `git submodule update --init --recursive --force`.
4. Fix a dependency on a private repo in `Dockerfile`: replace line `RUN --mount=type=secret,id=gh_token,required=false ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.3 0xeadc910d36a0eab43a3dd7acb1a3513885e333785689c7cf750b9949c5bb7227 OffchainLabs/nitro-private` with `RUN ./download-machine.sh consensus-v60-rc.5 0x7a9e6a77354888257a9989ce0b6bb39df5fedf222d453932933fdf7a489cbb57`.
4. Generate wasm module root in docker: `docker buildx build --target nitro-node-dev -t nitro-node-dev .`.
5. Export the value from the docker: `docker run --rm --entrypoint cat nitro-node-dev /home/user/target/machines/latest/module-root.txt`.