# Stargate

Markdown version of https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate

## Summary

- Last 24h volume: $17.65 M
- Last 24h transfer count: 582
- Last 24h top path: Ethereum ↔ Tempo ($8.73 M)
- Last 24h avg. transfer time: Bus: N/A, Taxi: 1m 16s
- Last 24h avg. transfer value: $30.34 K
- Last 24h tokens by volume: [USDC](https://ethbeat.org/tokens/9HN5PN/circle/usdc) ($8.45 M), [ETH](https://ethbeat.org/tokens/C0Hmkq/ethereum/eth) ($6.77 M), [EURC](https://ethbeat.org/tokens/QFmTnW/eurc) ($1.30 M), [USDT](https://ethbeat.org/tokens/xxeNQv/tether/usdt) ($1.12 M)
- Last 24h top token: [USDC](https://ethbeat.org/tokens/9HN5PN/circle/usdc) ($8.45 M volume, 401 transfers)
- Last 24h transfer size: Under $100: 336 transfers, $100-$1K: 115 transfers, $1K-$10K: 55 transfers, $10K-$100K: 45 transfers, Over $100K: 31 transfers (min $0.01, average $30.34 K, max $1.05 M)
- Last 24h transfer type distribution: Lock & Mint: $8.75 M, Non-minting: $8.90 M, Unknown: $30.87

### About

Liquidity bridge focused on USD stablecoins and ETH using the LayerZero message bridge. Stargate also has a Hydra product which is a minting token bridge for chains that do not natively support Stargate assets.

## Volume and flows

### Top chains by volume (last 24h)

A transfer counts toward the volume of both its source and its destination chain, so the chain volumes add up to more than the total volume.

- Ethereum: $17.46 M (277 transfers)
- Tempo: $8.74 M (63 transfers)
- Arbitrum One: $4.20 M (263 transfers)
- Base: $2.76 M (149 transfers)
- BNB Smart Chain: $1.65 M (242 transfers)
- and 7 more

### Top routes by volume (last 24h)

- Ethereum → Tempo: $4.62 M
- Tempo → Ethereum: $4.10 M
- Ethereum → Arbitrum One: $4.00 M
- Ethereum → Base: $2.23 M
- Ethereum → BNB Smart Chain: $971.05 K
- BNB Smart Chain → Ethereum: $587.89 K
- Base → Ethereum: $444.77 K
- Ethereum → OP Mainnet: $234.00 K
- Arbitrum One → Ethereum: $127.40 K
- Ethereum → Avalanche: $74.79 K

The flows between chains are an interactive graph on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate#interop-volume).

## Top tokens by volume

The interactive tokens table is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate#interop-tokens).

## Transfers

The interactive transfers table is shown on [the HTML page](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate#interop-transfers).

## Updates

Each date links the update on the HTML page, which also shows its contract diffs.

### [2026-10-16 09:53 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=634eb4cd) (2 changes)

The CreditMessaging owner minted credits without crosschain messages for ten USDT pool paths and one ETH path. The onchain reason is consolidating balances before the USDT pools are deprecated on 2026-10-23. Nethermind DVN rotated its signers: one removed, two added, quorum stays 1.

### [2026-10-12 07:19 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=d14ac086) (high severity, 17 changes)

The shared LayerZero executor on Ethereum upgraded to an unverified implementation.

[Executor diff](https://disco.l2beat.com/diff/eth:0xfE9AB78eD4f9f3DbB168d9f5E5213d78605C9805/eth:0x1Ed8E51E8AB2A00B2805aEcf2C6aC0BB6521eaE0).

### [2026-10-01 10:42 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=64622989) (1 change)

The owner of CreditMessagingMintableBurnable manually minted credits without crosschain messages for the USDC pool (gnosis, aurora) and the ETH pool (gnosis, lightlink), stated reason: consolidating balance and credit as part of the deprecation of these remote pools on 2026-09-24.

### [2026-08-10 09:08 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=955653d9) (4 changes)

Multisig member change.

### [2026-07-29 11:43 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=4f7c614c) (1 change)

One signer was rotated in Stargate Multisig 2. Its 5-of-7 threshold and sole executor are unchanged.

### [2026-07-21 08:57 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=307616e4) (4 changes)

Add 2 multisig signers.

### [2026-06-16 10:01 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=283c8011) (20 changes)

Upgrade CreditMessaging to a new version that allows the owner to increase/decrease credits without LayerZero verification and crosschain messages.

### [2026-05-28 10:28 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=0bc5b270) (2 changes)

two ms members change.

### [2026-05-21 09:33 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=6c3739c8) (3 changes)

add required DNV for stargate.

### [2026-05-11 12:39 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=1e39cc66) (1 change)

config: lz template changes.

### [2026-04-28 10:11 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=2ad4e87f) (1 change)

rm unsupported chains

nethermind reduced signer size.

### [2026-03-02 09:47 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=d3d99ad1) (49 changes)

migrate to baseproject.

### [2025-07-14 12:46 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=52d51948) (29 changes)

Discovery rerun on the same block number with only config-related changes.

### [2025-07-09 15:13 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=68c5a9fa) (5 changes)

Update LZ Multisig to a custom multisig contract that allows offchain signing with multichain onchain execution.

### [2025-01-28 15:04 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=2e81cf41) (7 changes)

LayerZero MS update: members swapped and new member added (now 3/5).

### [2024-11-25 10:52 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=bf719ff7) (1 change)

MS signer change.

### [2024-10-23 10:07 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=281b5bc7) (5 changes)

LayerZero Multisig: One signer removed.

### [2024-03-14 14:12 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=98fd4566) (high severity, 2 changes)

New PriceFeed Oracle implementation has been deployed. Chain paths and liquidity data has been updated.

### [2024-02-14 10:08 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=6665d9cf) (5 changes)

A new pool for mETH is added. The Default basis point multiplier of the Google Oracle is updated (related to fees). The latest version of the LayerZero Endpoint contract is updated:

- Version 4: 0xd231084bfb234c107d3ee2b22f97f3346fdaf705 (SendUln301)
- Version 5: 0x245b6e8ffe9ea5fc301e32d16f66bd4c2123eefc (ReceiveUln301)

### [2023-12-19 13:36 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=079a47d9) (3 changes)

Added new config values.

### [2023-11-23 13:31 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=bc8f9ae0) (1 change)

StarGateFeeLibrary7 owner was replaced: 0x1D7C6783328C145393e84fb47a7f7C548f5Ee28d -> 0x65bb797c2B9830d891D87288F029ed8dACc19705

### [2023-11-17 12:24 UTC](https://ethbeat.org/interop/protocols/stargate?update=ad5a1603) (3 changes)

One EOA owner was replaced in StarGate Multisig:

- removed: 0x285b7EEa81a5B66B62e7276a24c1e0F83F7409c1
- added: 0x2E1078e128e8AA6A70eC8d1B17A79Fc4B457d437

The same change was performed on a multisig in the Aptos project.